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	如果你遇到了一个你不认识的术语或单词, 请把它加到这里.		如果你遇到了一个你不认识的术语或单词, 请把它加到这里.

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			[[Category:Nix]]

Mayer: Created page with "如果你遇到了一个你不认识的术语或单词, 请把它加到这里."

2025-02-25T12:26:07Z

Created page with "如果你遇到了一个你不认识的术语或单词, 请把它加到这里."

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	~~<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">~~		如果你遇到了一个你不认识的术语或单词, 请把它加到这里.
	~~If you come across a term or word you don't know~~, ~~add it here~~.
	~~</div>~~

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Mayer: Created page with "Nix项目里的术语和定义"

2025-02-25T12:25:33Z

Created page with "Nix项目里的术语和定义"

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If you come across a term or word you don't know, add it here.
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{| class="wikitable"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:50px;" | Term
! scope="col" style="width: 60px;" | Context
! Meaning
! Related Links
|--------
|| <div id="user_environment"></div>[[User Environment]]
|| Nix
|| A set of "active" applications. These applications usually exist in the Nix store. A single Nix user may have multiple ''user environments''. ''Profiles'' and ''generations'' are closely related.
|| {{Nix Manual|name=Nix Manual - Basic Package Management chapter|anchor=#ch-basic-package-mgmt}} <br>{{Nix Manual|name=Nix Manual - Profiles chapter|anchor=#sec-profiles}} <br>{{Nix Manual|name=Nix Manual - nix-env|anchor=#sec-nix-env}}
|--------
|| (User) Profile
|| Nix
|| Profiles simplify managing and switching between ''user environments'', and thus control which applications and system configurations are in active use. Generally, a ''profile'' is a link to a ''generation'', and the corresponding '''profiles''' folder collects a list of generations. A standalone Nix installation (i.e. on a Linux distro that is not NixOS) operates mainly on ''user'' profiles. In NixOS, there is also a ''system'' profile that manages the system-wide configuration (e.g. ''/etc'', the kernel, ''initrd'', ''systemd''). Other tools like [[Home Manager]] may also have their own profiles. By default, a user's active profile is stored at ''~/.nix-profile'':
<syntaxHighlight lang=shell>
$ ls -l ~/.nix-profile
lrwxrwxrwx ... /home/username/.nix-profile ->
/nix/var/nix/profiles/per-user/username/profile
</syntaxHighlight>
|| [http://nixos.org/nix/manual/#sec-profiles Nix Manual: Profiles]<br>[https://nixos.org/guides/nix-pills/install-on-your-running-system.html#idm140737320787760 Nix Pills - The first profile]
|--------
|| <div id="generation"></div>Generation
|| Nix
|| An instance of a ''user environment''. When a user makes any change to their environment, such as installing or removing packages, a new ''generation'' of the environment is created instead of modifying the environment in-place. This ensures that updates are atomic and the user can easily roll-back to any previous generation if something goes wrong. The ''current generation'' is a user's currently active user profile.
|| [https://nix.dev/manual/nix/stable/package-management/profiles Nix Manual: Profiles]
|--------
|| Derivation
|| Nix
|| A Nix expression which describes a build action. Derivations are analogous to package definitions in other package managers. High-level derivations, such as the ones describing packages in [[Nixpkgs]], get evaluated into low-level derivations (called ''store derivations''), for instance by using the <code>nix-instantiate</code> command. <code>nix-store --realise</code> runs the build commands described in the low-level derivation, producing one or more ''output paths''. <code>nix-build</code> is a user-friendly wrapper for the previous two commands.
|| [http://nixos.org/nix/manual/#gloss-derivation Nix Manual: Glossary - Derivation] <br> [http://nixos.org/nix/manual/#ssec-derivation Nix Manual: Derivation]
|--------
|| Output path
|| Nix
|| A ''store path'' produced by a derivation. These are generally analogous to built packages, or pieces of them.
<syntaxHighlight lang=shell>
$ ls -ld /nix/store/*-firefox-9*/
dr-xr-xr-x ... /nix/store/v4b8...3d0w-firefox-92.0/
</syntaxHighlight>
|| [http://nixos.org/nix/manual/#ssec-derivation Nix Manual: Derivation]
|--------
|| <code>rec { }</code>
|| Nix expressions
|| The <code>{ }</code> block contains "mutually recursive" attributes, which means they can refer to each other.
|| [https://nix.dev/manual/nix/2.24/language/syntax.html#recursive-sets Nix Manual: Syntax and semantics: Recursive sets]
|--------
|| <code>expression evaluator</code>
|| Nix
|| The part of the Nix program which reads and evaluates a Nix expression.
|| [http://nixos.org/nix/manual/#sec-common-options Nix Manual: Common Options] <code>--arg</code> <br> [http://nixos.org/nix/manual/#ssec-builtins Nix Manual: Built-in Functions]
|--------
|| <code>stdenv</code>
|| Nix expressions
|| An attribute which contains things expected in the most basic Unix environment. (e.g. Bash shell, <code>gcc</code>, <code>cp</code>, <code>tar</code>, <code>grep</code>, etc.)
|| [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/top-level/all-packages.nix#L224 all-packages.nix: <code>stdenv =</code>]]
|--------
|| <code>config.nix</code> or <code>nixpkgs-config.nix</code>
|| NixOS Wiki
|| A Nix expression retrieved by and applied to the <code>all-packages.nix</code> Nix expression. This file enables an end-user to customize the Nix expressions contained in the community-owned NixPkgs list or to define entirely new Nix expressions to use with Nix commands. This file's path can be overridden by the <code>NIXPKGS_CONFIG</code> environment variable.
|| [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/top-level/all-packages.nix#L54 all-packages.nix: <code>config</code>]
[https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/doc/release-notes.xml#L366 NixPkgs Release Notes]
|--------
|| attribute path
|| nix-env takes this if you pass the `-A` flag [http://nixos.org/nix/manual/#opt-attr]
|| an unambiguous identifier for a package
||
|--------
|| symbolic package name
|| [http://nixos.org/nix/manual/#sec-building-simple]
|| This string represents what you commonly think of as a package. There can be multiple packages with the symbolic name "hello".
||
|--------
|| selector
|| this term is used in nix-env error messages [https://github.com/NixOS/nix/blob/bdc4a0b54d54146448061dd9a248212f98a9f801/src/nix-env/nix-env.cc], it seems to be actually a DrvName struct [https://github.com/NixOS/nix/blob/bdc4a0b54d54146448061dd9a248212f98a9f801/src/libexpr/names.cc] (a derivation name)
|| see "symbolic package name"
||
|--------
|| selection path
|| nix-shell error message [https://github.com/NixOS/nix/blob/bdc4a0b54d54146448061dd9a248212f98a9f801/src/libexpr/attr-path.cc#L73]
|| see "attribute path"[http://nixos.org/irc/logs/log.20151103]
||
|--------
|| derivation name
|| manual[http://nixos.org/nix/manual/#rsec-nix-env-install], source code [https://github.com/NixOS/nix/blob/bdc4a0b54d54146448061dd9a248212f98a9f801/src/libexpr/names.cc]
|| see "symbolic package name"
||
|--------
|| package name
|| IRC[http://nixos.org/irc/logs/log.20151103]
|| see "symbolic package name"
||
|--------
|| attribute selection path
|| source[https://github.com/NixOS/nix/blob/bdc4a0b54d54146448061dd9a248212f98a9f801/src/libexpr/attr-path.cc#L41]
|| see "attribute path"
||

|}
</div>

Terms and Definitions in Nix Project/zh - Revision history

FuzzyBot: Updating to match new version of source page

Mayer: Created page with "如果你遇到了一个你不认识的术语或单词, 请把它加到这里."

Mayer: Created page with "Nix项目里的术语和定义"