Tailscale

From Official Website

Tailscale makes networking easy

Tailscale lets you easily manage access to private resources, quickly SSH into devices on your network, and work securely from anywhere in the world.

Basic setup

You need to

1. make an account and login at https://login.tailscale.com (or self-host a compatible Headscale service; also available NixOS)
2. enable the Tailscale client app on your NixOS machine by adding services.tailscale.enable = true; and access tokens to your NixOS configuration.

If you are using features like subnet routers or exit nodes you will also need to set services.tailscale.useRoutingFeatures to "server", "client" or "both" depending on the role of your machine.

Split DNS: Access self-hosted services at your friends house as if you were there.

Tailscale support "Split DNS" where you can access local services (not exposed to the internet) on a different network (e.g. you friend's house) as if you are in that local network.

See KTZ Systems Split DNS overview: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uzcs97XcxiE

Combined with Let's Encrypt using the "DNS-01" challenge you can get browser-trusted HTTPS certificates for local services (not exposed to the internet) and access them with Tailscale from anywhere.

See Wolfgang's Channel Local HTTPS overview: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qlcVx-k-02E

Configuring TLS

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Per Enabling HTTPS in the Tailscale documentation, run the following:

$ sudo tailscale cert ${MACHINE_NAME}.${TAILNET_NAME}

As an alternative, you can set up Caddy to create and manage SSL certs automatically as Caddy recognizes Tailscale urls. After replacing <MACHINE_NAME>, <TAILNET_NAME>, <port> with your tailscale machine name, tailscale tailnet name, and the port of the local service you want to forward, you can add the following to your configuration.nix:

services.caddy = {
  enable = true;
  virtualHosts."<MACHINE_NAME>.<TAILNET_NAME>".extraConfig = ''
    reverse_proxy 127.0.0.1:<port>
  '';
};
# Allow the Caddy user(and service) to edit certs
services.tailscale.permitCertUid = "caddy";

Known issues

IPv6

If you encounter issues with IPv6 not working through your NixOS-based exit node, this might be an issue with the Tailscale client's detection of whether IPv6 NAT is supported. This is the "checkSupportsV6NAT" function in the Tailscale codebase. Enabling networking.nftables.enable = true; and then rebooting may fix this issue if you are using iptables.

DNS

There is also a known issue with DNS when using the default NixOS configuration; see GitHub issue 4254. Enabling systemd-resolved seems to be some part of the solution to this problem, as well as ensuring that DHCP is not enabled on the "tailscale0" network interface. Please see the GitHub issue for more information.

Running multiple Tailnet-accessible services on a single machine

The essence is to run multiple tailscaled daemons on a machine, with the additional daemons using userspace networking rather than tun, which seems to intercept connections to all Tailscale IPs on a machine. Basically for an additional service MYSERVICE run the following commands:

$ STATE_DIRECTORY=/var/lib/tailscale/tailscaled-tt_rss
$ sudo mkdir -p ${STATE_DIRECTORY}
$ sudo env STATE_DIRECTORY=${STATE_DIRECTORY} tailscaled --statedir=${STATE_DIRECTORY} --socket=${STATE_DIRECTORY}/tailscaled.sock --port=0 --tun=user
$ sudo tailscale --socket=${STATE_DIRECTORY}/tailscaled.sock up --auth-key=tskey-key-MYSERVICE_KEY_FROM_TAILSCALE_ADMIN_CONSOLE --hostname=MYSERVICE --reset

Using Userspace Networking (experimental)

Tailscale inside containers can use userspace networking mode to avoid needing host tunnel device permissions.

This can be accomplished by setting services.tailscale.interfaceName = "userspace-networking"; in your NixOS config.

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This article or section needs to be expanded. Further information may be found in the related discussion page. Please consult the pedia article metapage for guidelines on contributing.

Optimize the performance of subnet routers and exit nodes

Tailscale gives recommendations on how to optimize UDP throughput of your node.

You need to have ethtool and networkd-dispatcher installed, and to create the appropriate rule for Tailscale.

Supposing the network device you'll be using is called eth0, you can add the following to your configuration.nix:

services = {
  networkd-dispatcher = {
    enable = true;
    rules."50-tailscale" = {
      onState = ["routable"];
      script = ''
        ${lib.getExe ethtool} -K eth0 rx-udp-gro-forwarding on rx-gro-list off
      '';
    };
  };
};