Nix ecosystem/zh: Difference between revisions

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用户可以像安装其他 Linux 发行版一样，将 ''NixOS'' 发行版安装到他们的电脑上。他们通过 https://search.nixos.org 和本维基查阅有关 ''Nixpkgs'' 中可安装的软件包和配置选项的信息。他们使用 ''Nix'' 语言以声明式的方式，在一个文本文件中描述应该安装哪些软件包以及如何配置系统。然后，他们在终端中运行两个命令行程序，将系统转变为所描述的系统。此后，他们像使用任何其他 Linux 系统一样使用该系统。

== NixOS 的开发 ==

''NixOS'' 的开发者主要工作在 ''Nixpkgs'' 上。''NixOS'' 本身的开发由三个主要领域组成，同时还有一些体量较小但同样重要的其他领域。主要领域包括打包、模块系统和文档。打包工作在 ''Nixpkgs'' 中进行，并不仅限于 ''NixOS'' 或基于 Linux 的平台。那些不专属于 ''NixOS'' 的软件包（例如运行发行版本身所需的工具）的维护者通常会照顾多个平台，尽管这并非严格要求。

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对 ''Nixpkgs'' 的所有贡献，无论是否影响 ''NixOS''，在被合并到 ''Nixpkgs'' 前都需经过同行评审。许多软件包以及文档和补充材料（如 ISO 或 tarball）会在 ''Hydra'' 上预先构建，以减少 ''NixOS'' 用户的更新等待时间。

这三个类别按贡献量来看是最大的，但许多维护者也参与围绕 NixOS 基金会的活动，包括维护网站、''Hydra'' 及其他工具运行所需的基础设施，或开发 NixOS 所需的工具。

</div>

* Packaging is done in ''Nixpkgs'' and is not exclusive to ''NixOS'' or even Linux-based platforms. Maintainers of packages which are not exclusive to ''NixOS'' (such as tooling required to run the distribution itself) usually take care of multiple platforms although not strictly required.

</div>

* The module system is the way in which services running on ''NixOS'' are primarily configured. This area stretches from "low-level" configuration such as ''systemd'' unit files or providing custom kernel configuration up to configuration file generation for specific services. The module system is the primary way for users to configure ''NixOS'', and lives in the <code>nixos/</code> subdirector of ''Nixpkgs''.

</div>

* Documentation is largely embedded in packaging and module system data, although free-standing markdown files are also contained in the ''Nixpkgs'' repository. Documentation also includes maintaining the website, Wiki, and other aspects of the wider ecosystem. The first two categories are almost exclusively ''Nix'' language code written in text files, while the latter is a mix of ''Nix'' code, markdown files, and various other formats.

</div>

All contributions to ''Nixpkgs'', regardless of whether they affect ''NixOS'' or not, are subject to peer review before being integrated into ''Nixpkgs''. Many packages alongside documentation and supplementary materials such as ISOs or tarballs are pre built on ''Hydra'' to reduce the update time for ''NixOS'' users.

</div>

Those three categories are largest by contribution volume, however many maintainers also engage in activities surrounding the NixOS foundation, maintaining the infrastructure on which website, ''Hydra'', and other tools run on, or developing tooling required for NixOS.

</div>

{| class="wikitable"

@@ Line 63: / Line 63: @@
 用户可以像安装其他 Linux 发行版一样，将 ''NixOS'' 发行版安装到他们的电脑上。他们通过 https://search.nixos.org 和本维基查阅有关 ''Nixpkgs'' 中可安装的软件包和配置选项的信息。他们使用 ''Nix'' 语言以声明式的方式，在一个文本文件中描述应该安装哪些软件包以及如何配置系统。然后，他们在终端中运行两个命令行程序，将系统转变为所描述的系统。此后，他们像使用任何其他 Linux 系统一样使用该系统。
+<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
 == NixOS 的开发 ==
 ''NixOS'' 的开发者主要工作在 ''Nixpkgs'' 上。''NixOS'' 本身的开发由三个主要领域组成，同时还有一些体量较小但同样重要的其他领域。主要领域包括打包、模块系统和文档。打包工作在 ''Nixpkgs'' 中进行，并不仅限于 ''NixOS'' 或基于 Linux 的平台。那些不专属于 ''NixOS'' 的软件包（例如运行发行版本身所需的工具）的维护者通常会照顾多个平台，尽管这并非严格要求。
@@ Line 69: / Line 70: @@
 对 ''Nixpkgs'' 的所有贡献，无论是否影响 ''NixOS''，在被合并到 ''Nixpkgs'' 前都需经过同行评审。许多软件包以及文档和补充材料（如 ISO 或 tarball）会在 ''Hydra'' 上预先构建，以减少 ''NixOS'' 用户的更新等待时间。
 这三个类别按贡献量来看是最大的，但许多维护者也参与围绕 NixOS 基金会的活动，包括维护网站、''Hydra'' 及其他工具运行所需的基础设施，或开发 NixOS 所需的工具。
+</div>
+<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+* Packaging is done in ''Nixpkgs'' and is not exclusive to ''NixOS'' or even Linux-based platforms. Maintainers of packages which are not exclusive to ''NixOS'' (such as tooling required to run the distribution itself) usually take care of multiple platforms although not strictly required.
+</div>
+<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+* The module system is the way in which services running on ''NixOS'' are primarily configured. This area stretches from "low-level" configuration such as ''systemd'' unit files or providing custom kernel configuration up to configuration file generation for specific services. The module system is the primary way for users to configure ''NixOS'', and lives in the <code>nixos/</code> subdirector of ''Nixpkgs''.
+</div>
+<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+* Documentation is largely embedded in packaging and module system data, although free-standing markdown files are also contained in the ''Nixpkgs'' repository. Documentation also includes maintaining the website, Wiki, and other aspects of the wider ecosystem. The first two categories are almost exclusively ''Nix'' language code written in text files, while the latter is a mix of ''Nix'' code, markdown files, and various other formats.
+</div>
+<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+All contributions to ''Nixpkgs'', regardless of whether they affect ''NixOS'' or not, are subject to peer review before being integrated into ''Nixpkgs''. Many packages alongside documentation and supplementary materials such as ISOs or tarballs are pre built on ''Hydra'' to reduce the update time for ''NixOS'' users.
+</div>
+<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+Those three categories are largest by contribution volume, however many maintainers also engage in activities surrounding the NixOS foundation, maintaining the infrastructure on which website, ''Hydra'', and other tools run on, or developing tooling required for NixOS.
+</div>
 {| class="wikitable"