NTFS: Difference between revisions

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-New Technology File System (NTFS) is a proprietary journaling [[Filesystems|file system]] developed by Microsoft. It is still in use by modern Windows system, although NTFS didnt evolve since the release of version 3.1 in 2001.
+New Technology File System (NTFS) is a proprietary journaling [[Filesystems|file system]] developed by Microsoft. It is still in use by modern Windows systems, although NTFS has not evolved since the release of version 3.1 in 2001.
-== Enable NTFS support at boot ==
-<syntaxHighlight lang=nix>
-boot.supportedFilesystems = [ "ntfs" ];
-</syntaxHighlight>
-NixOS uses NTFS-3G for NTFS support.
-=== Enable write mode ===
-<syntaxhighlight lang="nixos">
-  fileSystems."/path/to/mount/to" =
-    { device = "/path/to/the/device";
-      fsType = "ntfs-3g";
-      options = [ "rw" "uid=theUidOfYourUser"];
-    };
-</syntaxhighlight>
-== Mount NTFS filesystem ==
-<syntaxhighlight lang="sh">
-# mount /dev/sdeX /mnt -t ntfs-3g
-</syntaxhighlight>
 == Mount NTFS filesystem on boot ==
-# Add NTFS support to ''/etc/nixos/configuration.nix'' (see [[#Enable NTFS support at boot]] above)
+Using [[nixos-generate-config]] to automatically generate Nix config is the recommended way to setup filesystems.
-#Run the following commands<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
-# Apply new config on next boot
-sudo nixos-rebuild boot
-# Reboot your system
-reboot
-# Mount the hard drive. Replace X & /mnt/folder as needed
+. Run {{ic|lsblk}} to list device names.
-mount /dev/sdX /mnt/folder -t ntfs3
+{{code|
+sd...
+└─sdX
+}}
+. Mount the device using [https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man8/mount.8.html {{ic|mount}}], where {{ic|/dev/sdX}} replaced with your device name and {{ic|/mnt/sdX}} replaced with an existing folder path to mount your drive.
+{{code|<nowiki>mount /dev/sdX /mnt/sdX -t ntfs3 -o uid=$UID</nowiki>}}
+. Run {{ic|nixos-generate-config --dir .}} to generate hardware configuration. This will <strong>automatically</strong> add all currently mounted devices to {{ic|hardware-configuration.nix}}.
+{{file|/etc/nixos/hardware-configuration.nix|diff|3=
++  boot.supportedFilesystems = [ "ntfs" ];
++  fileSystems."/mnt/sdX" = {
++    device = "/dev/disk/by-uuid/F258FB9E58FB5FB1";
++    fsType = "ntfs3";
++  };
+}}
+. Add {{ic|<nowiki>"uid=$UID"</nowiki>}} to {{nixos:option|fileSystems.*.options|fileSystems.<name>.options}} to get write access, where {{ic|<nowiki>$UID</nowiki>}} <strong>replaced with your UID</strong>:
+{{file|/etc/nixos/configuration.nix|nix|3=
+fileSystems =
+  let
+    ntfs-drives = [
+      "/mnt/sdX"
+    ];
+  in
+  lib.genAttrs ntfs-drives (path: {
+    options = [
+      "uid=$UID" # REPLACE "$UID" WITH YOUR ACTUAL UID!
+      # "nofail"
+    ];
+  });
+}}
-# Generate /etc/nixos/hardware-configuration.nix
+{{note|You may find your UID by running {{ic|echo $UID}}.}}
-nixos-generate-config
+{{aside|It is not recommended to manually edit {{ic|hardware-configuration.nix}}.}}
-</syntaxhighlight>
+. {{evaluate}}
-# Edit ''/etc/nixos/hardware-configuration.nix''<syntaxhighlight lang="diff">
-  # /etc/nixos/hardware-configuration.nix
-  # Your /dev/disk/by/uuid/... and /mnt/folder will have different names!
-  fileSystems."/mnt/folder" =
-      { device = "/dev/disk/by-uuid/7997ef90-6333-4c60-b137-d5cf2423e91b";
--       fsType = "ntfs3";
-+       fsType = "ntfs-3g";
-+       options = [ "rw" "uid=UID"];
-      };
-</syntaxhighlight>''Note: you can quickly find your UID by running '''echo $UID'''''
-#Run '''nixos-rebuild switch'''
-#Done!
 == Troubleshooting ==
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 [https://social.technet.microsoft.com/wiki/contents/articles/25908.fast-startup-how-to-disable-if-it-s-causing-problems.aspx This TechNet entry] explains how to disable fast startup. Additionally, [https://www.howtogeek.com/243901/the-pros-and-cons-of-windows-10s-fast-startup-mode/ this blog post on howtogeek.com] explains how the fast startup mode works, and how to disable it.
+=== Unable to mount ntfs3 with dirty volume ===
+When attempting to mount an <code>NTFS</code> partition using the <code>ntfs3</code> filesystem driver via the {{nixos:package|ntfs3g}} package, the mount operation may fail:
+<syntaxhighlight lang="console">
+# mount /dev/sda1 /mnt -t ntfs3
+mount: /mnt: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sda1, missing codepage or helper program, or other error.
+       dmesg(1) may have more information after failed mount system call.
+</syntaxhighlight>
+With the resulting dmesg output:
+<syntaxhighlight lang="console">
+# dmesg
+...
+[168659.819978] ntfs3: sda1: It is recommened to use chkdsk.
+[168659.820833] ntfs3: sda1: volume is dirty and "force" flag is not set!
+</syntaxhighlight>
+This indicates that the NTFS volume has the “dirty” flag set. In this state, the <code>ntfs3</code> driver refuses to mount the filesystem.
+To clear the dirty flag, run <code>ntfsfix</code> on the affected partition:
+<syntaxhighlight lang="console">
+# ntfsfix --clear-dirty /dev/sda1
+</syntaxhighlight>
+If <code>ntfsfix</code> fails with an error <code>Windows is hibernated, refused to mount</code>, the partition can be mounted using <code>ntfs-3g</code> with the hibernation file removed:
+<syntaxhighlight lang="console">
+# ntfs-3g -o remove_hiberfile /dev/sda1 /mnt
+</syntaxhighlight>
 [[Category:Filesystem]]