Écosystème Nix
L'Écosystème Nix est un éventail de technologies créées pour construire de manière reproductible et configurer/gérer déclarativement des paquets et systèmes ainsi que leurs dépendances. Ceci est rendu possible via un transfert du paradigme fonctionnel des programmes au domaine système grâce à un langage dédié (DSL) dynamique et fonctionnel à évaluation paresseuse appelé langage Nix qui permet la génération d'artéfacts reproductibles.
Il existe également de nombreuses autres applications (Écosystème Nix étendu) développées par la communauté Nix, utilisant et supportant ces technologies centrales.
Official ecosystem
| Component | Manual | Description | Use | License |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NixOS | NixOS Manual | A Linux distribution with all components built by Nix, and thus supporting reproducible and declarative system-wide configuration management as well as atomic upgrades and rollbacks. | Declaratively configure desktops, servers & clusters | MIT |
| Nixpkgs | Nixpkgs Manual | The largest community maintained Nix package and NixOS module repository; standard releases of NixOS are hosted here. | Share Nix packages & NixOS modules | MIT |
| Hydra | Hydra Manual | A Nix based continuous build system. | CI build farms | GPL-3.0 |
| Nix | Nix Manual | A package manager that parses Nix expressions specifying reproducible build, putting the result in a store address with a hash of the dependency tree, sidestepping dependency hell and supporting multiversion installs and rollbacks. | Reproducible builds & package management in Linux & Darwin | LGPL-2.1 |
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NixOS
A Linux distribution and configuration system built using Nixpkgs |
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Nixpkgs
A large, community-maintained repository of packages |
Hydra
A continuous build system built on Nix |
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Nix
A pure and functional build system | |
Usage of NixOS
Users install the NixOS distribution on their computers just as any other Linux distribution. They read about packages to install and configuration options in Nixpgs via https://search.nixos.org and this wiki. They use the Nix language to declaratively describe in a text file what software packages should be installed and how the system should be configured. They run 2 command line programs in a terminal to transform the system into the described system. They use the system as any other Linux system.
Development of NixOS
Developers of NixOS mainly work on Nixpkgs to describe in text files in Nix language how software packages should be build. After peer review these changes are integrated in Nixpkgs. Some of these packages are pre built on Hydra to reduce the update time for NixOS users.