Bluetooth

Setup

To enable support for Bluetooth devices, amend your system configuration as follows and apply changes:

/etc/nixos/configuration.nix

hardware.bluetooth.enable = true;

Usage

In order to use Bluetooth devices, they must be paired with your NixOS machine. Heavier desktop environments will usually provide a Bluetooth management GUI which you can use to pair devices.

If your desktop environment does not provide such a GUI, you can additionally enable the blueman service, which provides blueman-applet and blueman-manager with the snippet below.

services.blueman.enable = true;

Another option for a GUI based Bluetooth management GUI can be overskirde

Alternatively if you wish to use a TUI^[1] then check out bluetuith or bluetui

Pairing devices from the command line

Alternatively, Bluetooth devices can be paired from the command line using bluetoothctl.

$ bluetoothctl
[bluetooth] # power on
[bluetooth] # agent on
[bluetooth] # default-agent
[bluetooth] # scan on
...put device in pairing mode and wait [hex-address] to appear here...
[bluetooth] # pair [hex-address]
[bluetooth] # connect [hex-address]

Bluetooth devices automatically connect with bluetoothctl as well:

$ bluetoothctl
[bluetooth] # trust [hex-address]

Using Bluetooth headsets with PulseAudio

To allow Bluetooth audio devices to be used with PulseAudio, amend /etc/nixos/configuration.nix as follows:

{
  hardware.pulseaudio.enable = true;
  hardware.bluetooth.enable = true;
}

Tip

In order to affect your NixOS system by your nix-language-specific changes you must first evaluate it:

$ nixos-rebuild switch --use-remote-sudo

You will need to restart PulseAudio; try systemctl --user daemon-reload; systemctl --user restart pulseaudio.

You can verify that PulseAudio has loaded the Bluetooth module by running pactl list | grep -i 'Name.*module.*blue'; Bluetooth modules should be present in the list.

Using Bluetooth headset buttons to control media player

Some bluetooth headsets have buttons for pause/play or to skip to the next track. To make these buttons usable with media players supporting the dbus-based MPRIS standard, one can use mpris-proxy that is part of bluez package. The following snippet can be used in Home Manager to start this program as a daemon:

systemd.user.services.mpris-proxy = {
    description = "Mpris proxy";
    after = [ "network.target" "sound.target" ];
    wantedBy = [ "default.target" ];
    serviceConfig.ExecStart = "${pkgs.bluez}/bin/mpris-proxy";
};

Or, starting with Home Manager 21.05, enable the mpris-proxy service.

System-Wide PulseAudio

This article or section needs expansion.

Reason: When setting up pulseaudio systemWide extra policies needs to be deployed for pulse to be able to connect to the bluetooth stack. The Info below is not enough. (Discuss in Talk:Bluetooth#)
Please consult the pedia article metapage for guidelines on contributing.

When you are running PulseAudio system-wide then you will need to add the following modules to your default.pa configuration:

hardware.pulseaudio.configFile = pkgs.writeText "default.pa" ''
  load-module module-bluetooth-policy
  load-module module-bluetooth-discover
  ## module fails to load with 
  ##   module-bluez5-device.c: Failed to get device path from module arguments
  ##   module.c: Failed to load module "module-bluez5-device" (argument: ""): initialization failed.
  # load-module module-bluez5-device
  # load-module module-bluez5-discover
'';

Enabling extra codecs

While pulseaudio itself only has support for the SBC bluetooth codec there is out-of-tree support for AAC, APTX, APTX-HD and LDAC.

To enable extra codecs add the following to /etc/nixos/configuration.nix:

{
...
  hardware.pulseaudio = {
    enable = true;
    package = pkgs.pulseaudioFull;
  };
...
}

Enabling A2DP Sink

Modern headsets will generally try to connect using the A2DP profile. To enable this for your bluetooth connection, add the following to /etc/nixos/configuration.nix

{
  hardware.bluetooth.settings = {
    General = {
      Enable = "Source,Sink,Media,Socket";
    };
  };
}

This configuration may be unnecessary and does not work with bluez5 (Unknown key Enable for group General ).

Managing audio devices

pavucontrol can be used to reconfigure the device:

To enable A2DP, change the profile to “High Fidelity Playback (A2DP Sink)” on the “Configuration” tab.
To set the device as the default audio output, select “set as fallback” on the “Output Devices” tab.

Alternatively, the device can be configured via the command line:

To enable A2DP, run:

$ pacmd set-card-profile "$(pactl list cards short | egrep -o bluez_card[[:alnum:]._]+)" a2dp_sink

To set the device as the default audio output, run:

$ pacmd set-default-sink "$(pactl list sinks short | egrep -o bluez_sink[[:alnum:]._]+)"

You can also set pulseaudio to automatically switch audio to the connected bluetooth device when it connects, in order to do this add the following entry into the pulseaudio config

{
...
hardware.pulseaudio.extraConfig = "
  load-module module-switch-on-connect
";
...
}

Note that you may need to clear the pulseaudio config located at ~/.config/pulse to get this to work. Also you may have to unset and then set the default audio device to the bluetooth device, see https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/86441 for more info

Showing battery charge of bluetooth devices

If you want to see what charge your bluetooth devices have you have to enable experimental features, which might lead to bugs (according to [https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Bluetooth_headset#Battery_level_reporting Arch Wiki). You can add the following to your config to enable experimental feature for bluetooth:

{
...
hardware.bluetooth.settings = {
	General = {
		Experimental = true;
	};
};
...
}

Afterwards rebuild your system and then restart your bluetooth service by executing

$ systemctl restart bluetooth

.

Troubleshooting

USB device needs to be unplugged/re-plugged after suspend

Some USB device/host combinations don't play well with the suspend/resume cycle, and need to be unplugged and then re-plugged to work again.

It is possible to simulate a unplug/re-plug cycle using the /sys filesystem.

This gist provides a script and instructions to set-up a workaround for these devices.

When connecting to an audio device: Failed to connect: org.bluez.Error.Failed

You need to use pulseaudioFull, see #Using Bluetooth headsets with PulseAudio.

Bluetooth fails to power on with Failed to set power on: org.bluez.Error.Blocked

If journalctl -eu bluetooth shows Failed to set mode: Blocked through rfkill (0x12), rfkill might be blocking it:

$ rfkill
ID TYPE      DEVICE      SOFT      HARD
 1 wlan      phy0   unblocked unblocked
37 bluetooth hci0   blocked unblocked

Unblock it first:

$ sudo rfkill unblock bluetooth

Cannot use bluetooth while it previously worked

Symptoms:

When using bluetoothctl, getting "No agent is registered".
When using blueman or anything using dbus to talk to bluez, getting dbus.exceptions.DBusException: org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.AccessDenied: Rejected send message"

This possibly can be fixed by restarting the display-manager session. The session management may have had an issue with registering your current session and doesn't allow you to control bluetooth.

$ sudo systemctl restart display-manager.service

No audio when using headset in HSP/HFP mode

If the output of dmesg | grep Bluetooth shows a line similar to Bluetooth: hci0: BCM: Patch brcm/BCM-0a5c-6410.hcd not found then your machine uses a Broadcom chipset without the required firmware installed.

To fix this, add hardware.enableAllFirmware = true; to your /etc/nixos/configuration.nix then reboot.