NixOS on ARM/Radxa ROCK5 Model B

← Back to NixOS on ARM

Radxa ROCK 5B
Manufacturer	Radxa
Architecture	AArch64
Bootloader	Vendor BSP
Boot order	SPI NOR Flash, eMMC, SD
Maintainer	jakubgs

The Radxa ROCK 5B is a Single-Board Computer with a Rockchip RK3588 SoC.

• CPU: ARM Cortex-A76 and Cortex-A55
• GPU: Mali-G610 MP4
• RAM: 4GB/8GB/16GB LPDDR4X at 2133MHz
• MMC: eMMC Connector for up to 512GB
• NET: 2.5 Gigabit Ethernet
• USB: 2x USB 3.1 Type-A, 2x USB 2.0 Type-A
• PCIe: M.2 Key E connector with PCIe 2.1 x1, M.2 Key M connector with PCIe 3.0 x4

Status

Support of this system is YMMV (your mileage may vary), and depends on vendor-provided BSP (Board Support Package) based components.

Two kinds of bootloaders are available in different variants:

• U-Boot
  • Mainline - Supports all storage boot options, including NVMe
  • Vendor - Works well for eMMC and SD card boot, not for NVMe.
  • Not-TowBoot - Supports eMMC and SD card, NVMe sometimes.
    • Vendor U-Boot built using the TowBoot build infrastructure
• EDK2/TianoCore
  • EDK2 UEFI Firmware - Supports all storage boot options, including NVMe.

The official hardware documentation can be found on the Radxa wiki.

Bootloader Firmware

Vendor U-Boot Firmware

Booting the system with the vendor-provided platform firmware may not work due to a known issue in older U-Boot.

If using the vendor-provided platform firmware is desired, renaming the kernel derivation to a shorter name should allow boot to succeed.

Note: The Vendor Platform Firmware operates at the 1500000 baud rate. Your system may need to be configured to use 1500000 baud rate to make the serial console usable.

Community UEFI Firmware

The best available bootloader is EDK2 UEFI firmware for Rockchip RK3588 platforms. The v0.9.1 release is confirmed working.

In order to flash this bootloader we'll need to download two files:

• rk3588_spl_loader_v1.15.113.bin - SPI bootloader image.
• rock-5b_UEFI_Release_v0.9.1.img - UEFI bootloader image.

Then use the rkdeveloptool tool in version 1.32 or higher as described in SPI flashing documentation:

 > nix-shell -p rkdeveloptool

[nix-shell:~/rk3588]$ rkdeveloptool --version
rkdeveloptool ver 1.32

[nix-shell:~/rk3588]$ sudo rkdeveloptool db rk3588_spl_loader_v1.08.111.bin
Downloading bootloader succeeded.

[nix-shell:~/rk3588]$ sudo rkdeveloptool wl 0 rock-5b_UEFI_Release_v0.9.1.img
Write LBA from file (100%)

[nix-shell:~/rk3588]$ sudo rkdeveloptool rb

Now the device has a graphical bootloader available when pressing Escape at boot time:

Note: The standard NixOS SD card image supports only extlinux so ISO NixOS image needs to be used.

Community U-Boot Firmware

Note: This Platform Firmware operates at the 115200 baud rate. The 115200 baud rate is more standard, so it may or may not need to be adapted to be usable.

A WIP tree to build U-Boot using the infrastructure for Tow-Boot is available. (The end-result is not a proper Tow-Boot build.)

• https://github.com/samueldr/Tow-Boot/tree/wip/rock5-vendor

This uses a fork with some fixes, so that an installation on the SPI Flash will work, and allow OS booting from NVMe, eMMC or SD. NVMe support may be YMMV depending on the specific hardware.

The board-specific README has further notes.

Using from shared storage (SD, eMMC) or from SPI should work, and both are as supported.

To build:

nix-build -A radxa-rock5b

The SD or eMMC shared storage image can be flashed as usual:

dd if=shared.disk-image.img of=/dev/XXX bs=1M oflag=direct,sync status=progress

The SPI image cannot be installed using the usual installer. For now you should follow the vendor instructions to write the binaries/Tow-Boot.spi.bin file to SPI. In other words using rkdeveloptool for the installation, or any other way to write to SPI flash.

System configuration

A working bootloader configuration looks like this:

  boot.loader = {
    efi.canTouchEfiVariables = true;
    systemd-boot.enable = true;
    grub.enable = false;
  };

The current NixOS 23.05 release with 6.1 Linux kernel detects NVMe but not the eMMC.

@aciceri's flake

Nix flake for building OS image: https://github.com/aciceri/rock5b-nixos

Flash result to a new second legacy bootable ext4 partition on the installation media

Boot into system:

sudo nixos-rebuild switch --flake github:jonahbron/config/aciceri-rebooted-into-this#rock5b