Proxmox Virtual Environment: Difference between revisions
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<blockquote> | [https://www.proxmox.com/proxmox-ve {{PAGENAME}}] - shortened ''PVE'' - ([[wikipedia:en:{{PAGENAME}}]]) is a platform for containerization and virtualization. | ||
PVE is open source and is based on Debian GNU/Linux (with a customized kernel from Ubuntu) and supports a variety of filesystems (e.g.[[ZFS]]) and storage-backends/network-filesystems (e.g.[[Ceph]]). [[Ceph]] can be setup, administrated and monitored through the Webinterface, just as most other functions of PVE. There is also an API and a way to configure PVE through Configfiles and CLI-Commands. | |||
[[File:Proxmox-VE-8-0-Cluster-Summary.png|thumb|Proxmox-VE-8-0-Cluster-Summary]] | |||
PVE can manage a "data center" as a cluster of machines and storage through a unified Webgui that allows management of the whole cluster through each of the nodes. | |||
Proxmox VE uses | |||
* [[#KVM]] for virtualization and | |||
* [[#LXC]] for containerization. | |||
NixOS runs on both. | |||
<blockquote> | |||
The instructions should work for PVE 7.2 and later with NixOS 22.05 and later. | |||
</blockquote> | </blockquote> | ||
== Deploying Proxmox with NixOS == | |||
The [https://github.com/SaumonNet/proxmox-nixos/ proxmox-nixos] project allows to run the Proxmox Hypervisor on top of NixOS. | |||
== | == KVM == | ||
<blockquote>The first run will take some time, as a patched version of qemu with support for the VMA format needs to be built | It is possible to generate generic qcow2 images and attach them to VMs with <code>qm importdisk</code> as shown [https://pve.proxmox.com/wiki/Migration_of_servers_to_Proxmox_VE#Importing_to_Proxmox_VE here]. | ||
A better option is to generate a VMA image that can be imported as a VM on Proxmox VE. With this method, many VM configuration options such as CPU, memory, network interfaces, and serial terminals can be specified in nix instead of manually setting them on the Proxmox UI. | |||
=== Generating VMA === | |||
<blockquote> | |||
The first run will take some time, as a patched version of qemu with support for the VMA format needs to be built | |||
</blockquote> | </blockquote> | ||
<pre>nix run github:nix-community/nixos-generators -- --format proxmox</pre> | <pre> | ||
nix run github:nix-community/nixos-generators -- --format proxmox | |||
</pre> | |||
Pass additional nix configuration to the template with <code>--configuration filename.nix</code>. In addition to NixOS module options, proxmox-specific options present in [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/nixos/modules/virtualisation/proxmox-image.nix nixos/modules/virtualisation/proxmox-image.nix] can be used to set core, memory, disk and other VM hardware options. | Pass additional nix configuration to the template with <code>--configuration filename.nix</code>. In addition to NixOS module options, proxmox-specific options present in [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/nixos/modules/virtualisation/proxmox-image.nix nixos/modules/virtualisation/proxmox-image.nix] can be used to set core, memory, disk and other VM hardware options. | ||
== Deploying on | === Deploying on Proxmox VE === | ||
The generated vma.zst file can be copied to <code>/var/lib/vz/dump/</code> (or any other configured VM dump storage path). A new VM can be spun up from it either using the GUI or the CLI: | The generated vma.zst file can be copied to <code>/var/lib/vz/dump/</code> (or any other configured VM dump storage path). A new VM can be spun up from it either using the GUI or the CLI: | ||
<pre>qmrestore /var/lib/vz/dump/vzdump-qemu-nixos-21.11.git.d41882c7b98M.vma.zst <vmid> --unique true</pre> | <pre> | ||
<blockquote>note: the MAC | qmrestore /var/lib/vz/dump/vzdump-qemu-nixos-21.11.git.d41882c7b98M.vma.zst <vmid> --unique true | ||
</pre> | |||
<blockquote> | |||
note: the MAC address of net0 defaults to <code>00:00:00:00:00:00</code>. This must either be overridden through <code>proxmox.qemuConf.net0</code>, or the <code>unique</code> attribute must be set to true when importing the image on Proxmox. | |||
</blockquote> | </blockquote> | ||
By default, the generated image is set up to expose a serial terminal interface for ease of access. | By default, the generated image is set up to expose a serial terminal interface for ease of access. | ||
<pre>root@proxmox-server:~# qm start <vmid> | <pre> | ||
root@proxmox-server:~# qm start <vmid> | |||
root@proxmox-server:~# qm terminal <vmid> | root@proxmox-server:~# qm terminal <vmid> | ||
starting serial terminal on interface serial0 (press Ctrl+O to exit) | starting serial terminal on interface serial0 (press Ctrl+O to exit) | ||
| Line 45: | Line 71: | ||
[root@nixos:~]#</pre> | [root@nixos:~]# | ||
== Network configuration == | </pre> | ||
=== Network configuration === | |||
Cloud-init can be enabled with | Cloud-init can be enabled with | ||
<pre>services.cloud-init.network.enable = true;</pre> | <pre> | ||
services.cloud-init.network.enable = true; | |||
</pre> | |||
This will enable systemd-networkd, allowing cloud-init to set up network interfaces on boot. | This will enable systemd-networkd, allowing cloud-init to set up network interfaces on boot. | ||
= LXC = | == LXC == | ||
== Generating LXC template == | === Generating LXC template === | ||
<pre>nix run github:nix-community/nixos-generators -- --format proxmox-lxc</pre> | <pre> | ||
== Privileged LXCs == | nix run github:nix-community/nixos-generators -- --format proxmox-lxc | ||
</pre> | |||
=== Privileged LXCs === | |||
While it’s not necessary, <code>proxmoxLXC.privileged</code> can be set to true to enable the DebugFS mount in privileged LXCs. If enabled on unprivileged LXCs, this will fail to mount. | While it’s not necessary, <code>proxmoxLXC.privileged</code> can be set to true to enable the DebugFS mount in privileged LXCs. If enabled on unprivileged LXCs, this will fail to mount. | ||
== Network configuration == | === Network configuration === | ||
The proxmox LXC template uses systemd-networkd by default to allow network configuration by Proxmox. <code>proxmoxLXC.manageNetwork</code> can be set to true to disable this. | |||
=== Deploying on Proxmox VE === | |||
Copy the tarball to Proxmox, then create a new LXC with this template through the web UI or the CLI. The “nesting” feature needs to be enabled. Newer versions of Proxmox will have it enabled by default. | |||
As of now, not all of the configuration options on the web UI work for Proxmox LXCs. Network configuration and adding SSH keys to root user work, while setting a password for the root user and setting hostname don’t. | |||
It is suggested to set a root password within the container on first boot. | |||
The template built above without any options does not come with <code>/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</code>. A minimal working example is presented below. Be sure to run <code>nix-channel --update</code> before <code>nixos-rebuild switch</code>. | The template built above without any options does not come with <code>/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</code>. A minimal working example is presented below. Be sure to run <code>nix-channel --update</code>, reboot the container running before <code>nixos-rebuild switch</code>. | ||
< | <syntaxHighlight lang=nix> | ||
{ pkgs, modulesPath, ... }: | |||
{ | { | ||
| Line 83: | Line 119: | ||
pkgs.vim | pkgs.vim | ||
]; | ]; | ||
} | } | ||
</syntaxHighlight> | |||
=== LXC Console === | |||
You may need to set the Console Mode option to /dev/console (instead of the default of "tty") in order to make the console shell work. | |||
=== LXC See also === | |||
* earlier wiki page [[Proxmox Linux Container]] | |||
* | |||
== Name == | |||
''Proxmox Virtual Environment'' is also called | |||
: short ''Proxmox VE'', | |||
: shortened ''PVE'', | |||
: just ''Proxmox''. | |||
< | Proxmox is the firm of the company ''Proxmox Server Solutions GmbH''. Besides ''Proxmox Virtual Environment'' (''PVE'')<ref>https://pve.proxmox.com/</ref> there are other products called ''Proxmox Backup Server'' (''PBS'')<ref>https://pbs.proxmox.com/</ref> and ''Proxmox Mail Gateway'' (''PMG'')<ref>https://pmg.proxmox.com/</ref>. | ||
.. | |||
< | |||
== References == | |||
<references /> | |||
[[Category:Software]] | |||
[[Category:Virtualization]] | |||
Latest revision as of 21:31, 17 January 2025
Proxmox Virtual Environment - shortened PVE - (wikipedia:en:Proxmox Virtual Environment) is a platform for containerization and virtualization.
PVE is open source and is based on Debian GNU/Linux (with a customized kernel from Ubuntu) and supports a variety of filesystems (e.g.ZFS) and storage-backends/network-filesystems (e.g.Ceph). Ceph can be setup, administrated and monitored through the Webinterface, just as most other functions of PVE. There is also an API and a way to configure PVE through Configfiles and CLI-Commands.
PVE can manage a "data center" as a cluster of machines and storage through a unified Webgui that allows management of the whole cluster through each of the nodes.
Proxmox VE uses
NixOS runs on both.
The instructions should work for PVE 7.2 and later with NixOS 22.05 and later.
Deploying Proxmox with NixOS
The proxmox-nixos project allows to run the Proxmox Hypervisor on top of NixOS.
KVM
It is possible to generate generic qcow2 images and attach them to VMs with qm importdisk as shown here.
A better option is to generate a VMA image that can be imported as a VM on Proxmox VE. With this method, many VM configuration options such as CPU, memory, network interfaces, and serial terminals can be specified in nix instead of manually setting them on the Proxmox UI.
Generating VMA
The first run will take some time, as a patched version of qemu with support for the VMA format needs to be built
nix run github:nix-community/nixos-generators -- --format proxmox
Pass additional nix configuration to the template with --configuration filename.nix. In addition to NixOS module options, proxmox-specific options present in nixos/modules/virtualisation/proxmox-image.nix can be used to set core, memory, disk and other VM hardware options.
Deploying on Proxmox VE
The generated vma.zst file can be copied to /var/lib/vz/dump/ (or any other configured VM dump storage path). A new VM can be spun up from it either using the GUI or the CLI:
qmrestore /var/lib/vz/dump/vzdump-qemu-nixos-21.11.git.d41882c7b98M.vma.zst <vmid> --unique true
note: the MAC address of net0 defaults to
00:00:00:00:00:00. This must either be overridden throughproxmox.qemuConf.net0, or theuniqueattribute must be set to true when importing the image on Proxmox.
By default, the generated image is set up to expose a serial terminal interface for ease of access.
root@proxmox-server:~# qm start <vmid> root@proxmox-server:~# qm terminal <vmid> starting serial terminal on interface serial0 (press Ctrl+O to exit) <<< NixOS Stage 1 >>> loading module dm_mod... running udev... Starting version 249.4 . . . [ OK ] Reached target Multi-User System. <<< Welcome to NixOS 21.11.git.d41882c7b98M (x86_64) - ttyS0 >>> Run 'nixos-help' for the NixOS manual. nixos login: root (automatic login) [root@nixos:~]#
Network configuration
Cloud-init can be enabled with
services.cloud-init.network.enable = true;
This will enable systemd-networkd, allowing cloud-init to set up network interfaces on boot.
LXC
Generating LXC template
nix run github:nix-community/nixos-generators -- --format proxmox-lxc
Privileged LXCs
While it’s not necessary, proxmoxLXC.privileged can be set to true to enable the DebugFS mount in privileged LXCs. If enabled on unprivileged LXCs, this will fail to mount.
Network configuration
The proxmox LXC template uses systemd-networkd by default to allow network configuration by Proxmox. proxmoxLXC.manageNetwork can be set to true to disable this.
Deploying on Proxmox VE
Copy the tarball to Proxmox, then create a new LXC with this template through the web UI or the CLI. The “nesting” feature needs to be enabled. Newer versions of Proxmox will have it enabled by default.
As of now, not all of the configuration options on the web UI work for Proxmox LXCs. Network configuration and adding SSH keys to root user work, while setting a password for the root user and setting hostname don’t.
It is suggested to set a root password within the container on first boot.
The template built above without any options does not come with /etc/nixos/configuration.nix. A minimal working example is presented below. Be sure to run nix-channel --update, reboot the container running before nixos-rebuild switch.
{ pkgs, modulesPath, ... }:
{
imports = [
(modulesPath + "/virtualisation/proxmox-lxc.nix")
];
environment.systemPackages = [
pkgs.vim
];
}
LXC Console
You may need to set the Console Mode option to /dev/console (instead of the default of "tty") in order to make the console shell work.
LXC See also
- earlier wiki page Proxmox Linux Container
Name
Proxmox Virtual Environment is also called
- short Proxmox VE,
- shortened PVE,
- just Proxmox.
Proxmox is the firm of the company Proxmox Server Solutions GmbH. Besides Proxmox Virtual Environment (PVE)[1] there are other products called Proxmox Backup Server (PBS)[2] and Proxmox Mail Gateway (PMG)[3].