Steam/zh: Difference between revisions
Created page with "=== 修复 GNOME Dock 栏和活动概览中游戏图标缺失的问题 ===" |
Created page with "Gamescope 可以作为最小桌面环境运行,这意味着您可以从 TTY 启动它,并获得与 Steam Deck 硬件控制台非常相似的体验。" |
||
| (4 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 61: | Line 61: | ||
# programs.gamemode.enable = true; | # programs.gamemode.enable = true; | ||
</syntaxhighlight> | </syntaxhighlight> | ||
如果您使用的是 Steam 控制器或 Valve Index,请确保已启用 Steam 硬件支持。这通常由 <code>programs.steam.enable = true;</code> | 如果您使用的是 Steam 控制器或 Valve Index,请确保已启用 Steam 硬件支持。这通常由 <code>programs.steam.enable = true;</code> 隐式地设置,该设置会同时启用 <code>hardware.steam-hardware.enable = true;</code> 。如有需要,您可以验证或显式地进行设置: | ||
<syntaxhighlight lang="nix"> | <syntaxhighlight lang="nix"> | ||
hardware.steam-hardware.enable = true; | hardware.steam-hardware.enable = true; | ||
| Line 183: | Line 183: | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
对于通过 Proton 运行的游戏,该值应为 <code>steam_app_<game_id></code> (在哪里<code><game_id></code>与 <code>Exec</code> 行中 steam://rungameid/ 之后的值匹配)。 | |||
对于原生运行的游戏,该值应与游戏的主可执行文件匹配。 | |||
例如,Valheim 的修改后的 .desktop 文件如下所示: | |||
<syntaxhighlight lang="desktop"> | <syntaxhighlight lang="desktop"> | ||
| Line 209: | Line 203: | ||
== 故障排除 == | == 故障排除 == | ||
对于所有问题:首先通过终端运行 <code>steam -dev -console</code> 并读取输出。 | |||
<span id="Steam_fails_to_start._What_do_I_do?"></span> | <span id="Steam_fails_to_start._What_do_I_do?"></span> | ||
=== Steam 无法启动。我该怎么办? === | === Steam 无法启动。我该怎么办? === | ||
在终端运行 <code>strace steam -dev -console 2> steam.logs</code> 命令。如果未安装 <code>strace</code> ,请使用 <code>nix-shell -p strace</code> 或 <code>nix run nixpkgs#strace -- steam -dev -console 2> steam.logs</code> (如果使用 Flakes 版本)临时安装。之后,请提交错误报告。 | |||
<span id="Steam_is_not_updated"></span> | <span id="Steam_is_not_updated"></span> | ||
| Line 228: | Line 218: | ||
<span id="Game_fails_to_start"></span> | <span id="Game_fails_to_start"></span> | ||
=== 游戏无法启动 === | === 游戏无法启动 === | ||
游戏可能无法启动,原因可能是缺少依赖项(目前应将此添加到脚本中),或者无法进行补丁更新。直接启动游戏的步骤如下: | |||
如果可以,请修补脚本/二进制文件。 | |||
* 在二进制文件夹中添加一个名为 steam_appid.txt 的文件,内容为 appid(可在 Steam 的标准输出中找到)。 | |||
* | * 使用来自 nix/store steam 脚本的 LD_LIBRARY_PATH,启动游戏二进制文件 | ||
* | |||
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"> | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash"> | ||
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=~/.steam/bin32:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/nix/store/pfsa... blabla ...curl-7.29.0/lib:. ./Osmos.bin32 (if you could not patchelf the game, call ld.so directly with the binary as parameter) | LD_LIBRARY_PATH=~/.steam/bin32:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/nix/store/pfsa... blabla ...curl-7.29.0/lib:. ./Osmos.bin32 (if you could not patchelf the game, call ld.so directly with the binary as parameter) | ||
</syntaxhighlight> | </syntaxhighlight> | ||
注意:如果游戏卡在“正在安装脚本”界面,请检查是否存在 DXSETUP.EXE 进程并手动运行它,然后重新启动游戏。 | |||
< | <span id="Changing_the_driver_on_AMD_GPUs"></span> | ||
==== | ==== 更改 AMD GPU 的驱动程序 ==== | ||
{{note|This is not recommended because radv drivers tend to perform better and are generally more stable than amdvlk.}} | {{note|This is not recommended because radv drivers tend to perform better and are generally more stable than amdvlk.}} | ||
有时,更换 AMD GPU 的驱动程序会有帮助。要尝试此方法,首先,安装多个驱动程序,例如 radv 和 amdvlk: | |||
<syntaxhighlight lang="nix"> | <syntaxhighlight lang="nix"> | ||
hardware.graphics = { | hardware.graphics = { | ||
| Line 258: | Line 241: | ||
}; | }; | ||
</syntaxhighlight> | </syntaxhighlight> | ||
如果两个驱动程序都存在,[[Steam]] 将默认使用 amdvlk。amdvlk 驱动程序在 Vulkan 规范实现方面更准确,但性能不如 radv。然而,这种在正确性和性能之间的权衡有时会直接影响游戏体验。 | |||
如果同时安装了 radv 和 amdvlk,要将驱动程序“重置”为 radv,请设置环境变量 <code>AMD_VULKAN_ICD = "RADV"</code> 或 <code>VK_ICD_FILENAMES = "/run/opengl-driver/share/vulkan/icd.d/radeon_icd.x86_64.json"</code> 。例如,如果您从 shell 启动 Steam,则可以通过运行 <code>AMD_VULKAN_ICD="RADV" steam</code> 为当前会话启用 radv。如果您不确定当前使用的是哪个驱动程序,可以启动一个启用了 MangoHud 的游戏,MangoHud 可以显示当前正在使用的驱动程序。 | |||
=== SteamVR === | === SteamVR === | ||
SteamVR 启动时的 setcap 问题可以通过以下方法解决: | |||
<code>sudo setcap CAP_SYS_NICE+ep ~/.local/share/Steam/steamapps/common/SteamVR/bin/linux64/vrcompositor-launcher</code> | <code>sudo setcap CAP_SYS_NICE+ep ~/.local/share/Steam/steamapps/common/SteamVR/bin/linux64/vrcompositor-launcher</code> | ||
<span id="Gamescope_fails_to_launch_when_used_within_Steam"></span> | <span id="Gamescope_fails_to_launch_when_used_within_Steam"></span> | ||
=== 与 Steam 使用时 Gamescope 无法启动 === | === 与 Steam 使用时 Gamescope 无法启动 === | ||
Latest revision as of 15:25, 11 February 2026
Steam is a digital distribution platform for video games, offering a vast library for purchase, download, and management. On NixOS, Steam is generally easy to install and use, often working "out-of-the-box". It supports running many Windows games on Linux through its compatibility layer, Proton.[1]
安装
Shell
要在 shell 环境中临时使用 Steam 相关工具,例如 steam-run(用于 FHS 环境)或 steamcmd(用于服务器管理或 steam-tui 设置等工具),可以运行以下命令。
nix-shell -p steam-run # For FHS environment
nix-shell -p steamcmd # For steamcmd
这样就可以在当前 shell 中使用这些工具,而无需将其添加到系统配置中。为了使 steamcmd 能够正确执行某些任务(例如初始化 steam-tui),您可能需要运行一次 steamcmd 来生成必要的文件,如 `steam-tui` 部分所示。
系统设置
要安装 Steam 软件包并启用所有必要的系统选项以使其运行,请将以下内容添加到您的 /etc/nixos/configuration.nix 中:
# Example for /etc/nixos/configuration.nix
programs.steam = {
enable = true;
remotePlay.openFirewall = true; # Open ports in the firewall for Steam Remote Play
dedicatedServer.openFirewall = true; # Open ports in the firewall for Source Dedicated Server
};
# Optional: If you encounter amdgpu issues with newer kernels (e.g., 6.10+ reported issues),
# you might consider using the LTS kernel or a known stable version.
# boot.kernelPackages = pkgs.linuxPackages_lts; # Example for LTS
allowUnfreePredicate you will need to ensure that your configurations permit all of them.
{
nixpkgs.config.allowUnfreePredicate = pkg: builtins.elem (lib.getName pkg) [
"steam"
"steam-unwrapped"
];
}
配置
基本 Steam 功能可以直接在 programs.steam 属性集中启用:
programs.steam = {
enable = true; # Master switch, already covered in installation
remotePlay.openFirewall = true; # For Steam Remote Play
dedicatedServer.openFirewall = true; # For Source Dedicated Server hosting
# Other general flags if available can be set here.
};
# Tip: For improved gaming performance, you can also enable GameMode:
# programs.gamemode.enable = true;
如果您使用的是 Steam 控制器或 Valve Index,请确保已启用 Steam 硬件支持。这通常由 programs.steam.enable = true; 隐式地设置,该设置会同时启用 hardware.steam-hardware.enable = true; 。如有需要,您可以验证或显式地进行设置:
hardware.steam-hardware.enable = true;
提示和技巧
Gamescope Compositor / "启动至 Steam Deck"
Gamescope 可以作为最小桌面环境运行,这意味着您可以从 TTY 启动它,并获得与 Steam Deck 硬件控制台非常相似的体验。
# Clean Quiet Boot
boot.kernelParams = [ "quiet" "splash" "console=/dev/null" ];
boot.plymouth.enable = true;
programs.gamescope = {
enable = true;
capSysNice = true;
};
programs.steam.gamescopeSession.enable = true; # Integrates with programs.steam
# Gamescope Auto Boot from TTY (example)
services.xserver.enable = false; # Assuming no other Xserver needed
services.getty.autologinUser = "USERNAME_HERE";
services.greetd = {
enable = true;
settings = {
default_session = {
command = "${pkgs.gamescope}/bin/gamescope -W 1920 -H 1080 -f -e --xwayland-count 2 --hdr-enabled --hdr-itm-enabled -- steam -pipewire-dmabuf -gamepadui -steamdeck -steamos3 > /dev/null 2>&1";
user = "USERNAME_HERE";
};
};
};
steam-tui
如果您想使用 steam-tui 客户端,则需要自行安装。它依赖于 steamcmd 的设置,因此您需要运行一次 steamcmd 来生成必要的配置文件。
首先,确保 steamcmd 可用(例如,运行 nix-shell -p steamcmd 或将其添加到 environment.systemPackages ),然后运行:
steamcmd +quit # This initializes steamcmd's directory structure
然后安装并运行 `steam-tui`。如果 `steam-tui` 出现问题,您可能需要先在 `steamcmd` 中登录:
# (Inside steamcmd prompt, if needed for full login before steam-tui)
# login <username> <password> <steam_2fa_code>
# quit
安装完成后, steam-tui (例如通过 home.packages 或 environment.systemPackages 安装)应该可以正常启动。
仅 FHS 环境
要运行需要标准 Linux 文件系统层次结构标准 (FHS) 的专有游戏或从互联网下载的软件,可以使用 steam-run 。它提供了一个类似 FHS 的环境,而无需对软件进行任何修改。
请注意,对于从 Nixpkgs 安装的客户端(如 Minigalaxy 或 Itch),这并非必要,因为它们已经根据需要使用 FHS 环境。
有两种方法可以实现 steam-run 功能:
1. 安装 steam-run ,可选择系统级安装或用户级安装:
# In /etc/nixos/configuration.nix
environment.systemPackages = with pkgs; [
steam-run
];
2. 如果您需要更大的灵活性,或者想要使用已覆盖的 Steam 包的 FHS 环境:
# In /etc/nixos/configuration.nix
environment.systemPackages = with pkgs; [
(steam.override { /* Your overrides here */ }).run
];
Proton
您应该可以使用 Proton 运行大多数 Windows 游戏。如果某个游戏有原生 Linux 版本,但在 NixOS 上会出现问题,您可以通过在 Steam 的游戏兼容性设置中选择特定的 Proton 版本来强制使用 Proton。
默认情况下,Steam 还会在 ~/.steam/root/compatibilitytools.d 中查找自定义 Proton 版本。可以通过设置环境变量 STEAM_EXTRA_COMPAT_TOOLS_PATHS 来添加其他搜索路径。
自定义 Proton 版本的声明式安装(例如 GE-Proton):
programs.steam.extraCompatPackages = with pkgs; [
proton-ge-bin
];
可使用 ProtonUp-Qt 手动管理多个 Proton 版本:
environment.systemPackages = with pkgs; [
protonup-qt
];
覆盖 Steam 软件包
在某些情况下,您可能需要覆盖默认的 Steam 程序包以提供缺失的依赖项或修改其构建。为此,请使用 programs.steam.package 选项。NixOS 上的 Steam 会在 FHS 环境下运行许多游戏,但 Steam 客户端本身或某些工具可能需要额外的库。
示例:添加 Bumblebee 和 Primus(适用于 NVIDIA Optimus):
programs.steam.package = pkgs.steam.override {
extraPkgs = pkgs': with pkgs'; [ bumblebee primus ];
};
# For 32-bit applications with Steam, if using steamFull:
# programs.steam.package = pkgs.steamFull.override { extraPkgs = pkgs': with pkgs'; [ bumblebee primus ]; };
示例:为 Gamescope 添加 Xorg 库(在 Steam 中使用时):
programs.steam.package = pkgs.steam.override {
extraPkgs = pkgs': with pkgs'; [
xorg.libXcursor
xorg.libXi
xorg.libXinerama
xorg.libXScrnSaver
libpng
libpulseaudio
libvorbis
stdenv.cc.cc.lib # Provides libstdc++.so.6
libkrb5
keyutils
# Add other libraries as needed
];
};
修复 GNOME Dock 栏和活动概览中游戏图标缺失的问题
GNOME uses the window class to determine the icon associated with a window. Steam currently doesn't set the required key for this in its .desktop files[2], but you can fix this manually by editing the StartupWMClass key for each game's .desktop file, found under ~/.local/share/applications/.
对于通过 Proton 运行的游戏,该值应为 steam_app_<game_id> (在哪里<game_id>与 Exec 行中 steam://rungameid/ 之后的值匹配)。
对于原生运行的游戏,该值应与游戏的主可执行文件匹配。
例如,Valheim 的修改后的 .desktop 文件如下所示:
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Valheim
Comment=Play this game on Steam
Exec=steam steam://rungameid/892970
Icon=steam_icon_892970
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Game;
StartupWMClass=valheim.x86_64
故障排除
对于所有问题:首先通过终端运行 steam -dev -console 并读取输出。
Steam 无法启动。我该怎么办?
在终端运行 strace steam -dev -console 2> steam.logs 命令。如果未安装 strace ,请使用 nix-shell -p strace 或 nix run nixpkgs#strace -- steam -dev -console 2> steam.logs (如果使用 Flakes 版本)临时安装。之后,请提交错误报告。
Steam 未更新
When you restart Steam after an update, it starts the old version. (#181904)
A workaround is to remove the user files in /home/<USER>/.local/share/Steam/userdata. This can be done with rm -rf /home/<USER>/.local/share/Steam/userdata in the terminal or with your file manager. After that, Steam can be set up again by restarting.
游戏无法启动
游戏可能无法启动,原因可能是缺少依赖项(目前应将此添加到脚本中),或者无法进行补丁更新。直接启动游戏的步骤如下: 如果可以,请修补脚本/二进制文件。
- 在二进制文件夹中添加一个名为 steam_appid.txt 的文件,内容为 appid(可在 Steam 的标准输出中找到)。
- 使用来自 nix/store steam 脚本的 LD_LIBRARY_PATH,启动游戏二进制文件
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=~/.steam/bin32:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/nix/store/pfsa... blabla ...curl-7.29.0/lib:. ./Osmos.bin32 (if you could not patchelf the game, call ld.so directly with the binary as parameter)
注意:如果游戏卡在“正在安装脚本”界面,请检查是否存在 DXSETUP.EXE 进程并手动运行它,然后重新启动游戏。
更改 AMD GPU 的驱动程序
有时,更换 AMD GPU 的驱动程序会有帮助。要尝试此方法,首先,安装多个驱动程序,例如 radv 和 amdvlk:
hardware.graphics = {
## radv: an open-source Vulkan driver from freedesktop
enable32Bit = true;
## amdvlk: an open-source Vulkan driver from AMD
extraPackages = [ pkgs.amdvlk ];
extraPackages32 = [ pkgs.driversi686Linux.amdvlk ];
};
如果两个驱动程序都存在,Steam 将默认使用 amdvlk。amdvlk 驱动程序在 Vulkan 规范实现方面更准确,但性能不如 radv。然而,这种在正确性和性能之间的权衡有时会直接影响游戏体验。
如果同时安装了 radv 和 amdvlk,要将驱动程序“重置”为 radv,请设置环境变量 AMD_VULKAN_ICD = "RADV" 或 VK_ICD_FILENAMES = "/run/opengl-driver/share/vulkan/icd.d/radeon_icd.x86_64.json" 。例如,如果您从 shell 启动 Steam,则可以通过运行 AMD_VULKAN_ICD="RADV" steam 为当前会话启用 radv。如果您不确定当前使用的是哪个驱动程序,可以启动一个启用了 MangoHud 的游戏,MangoHud 可以显示当前正在使用的驱动程序。
SteamVR
SteamVR 启动时的 setcap 问题可以通过以下方法解决:
sudo setcap CAP_SYS_NICE+ep ~/.local/share/Steam/steamapps/common/SteamVR/bin/linux64/vrcompositor-launcher
与 Steam 使用时 Gamescope 无法启动
Gamescope may fail to start due to missing Xorg libraries. (#214275) To resolve this override the steam package to add them:
programs.steam.package = pkgs.steam.override {
extraPkgs = pkgs': with pkgs'; [
xorg.libXcursor
xorg.libXi
xorg.libXinerama
xorg.libXScrnSaver
libpng
libpulseaudio
libvorbis
stdenv.cc.cc.lib # Provides libstdc++.so.6
libkrb5
keyutils
# Add other libraries as needed
];
};
额外游戏手柄的 udev 规则
In specific scenarios gamepads, might require some additional configuration in order to function properly in the form of udev rules. This can be achieved with services.udev.extraRules.
The following example is for the 8bitdo Ultimate Bluetooth controller, different controllers will require knowledge of the vendor and product ID for the device:
services.udev.extraRules = ''
SUBSYSTEM=="input", ATTRS{idVendor}=="2dc8", ATTRS{idProduct}=="3106", MODE="0660", GROUP="input"
'';
To find the vendor and product ID of a device usbutils might be useful
已知问题
"Project Zomboid" may report "couldn't determine 32/64 bit of java". This is not related to java at all, it carries its own outdated java binary that refuses to start if path contains non-Latin characters. Check for errors by directly starting local java binary within steam-run bash.
Resetting your password through the Steam app may fail at the CAPTCHA step repeatedly, with Steam itself reporting that the CAPTCHA was not correct, even though the CAPTCHA UI shows success. Resetting password through the Steam website should work around that.