Packaging/Quirks and Caveats

This article is about the quirks on how to package software where the source code is available.

A good start for packaging your first piece if software is the Quickstart Chapter in the nixpkgs manual Also see the Generic Algorithm on doing Packaging

For packaging executable without building them from source check out the article Packaging Binaries.

Build software with Autotools

Add autoreconfHook to buildInputs to automatically build software which uses automake and autoconf:

buildInputs = [ ...  autoreconfHook ];

Examples in nixpkgs: * samplicator

Package simple python scripts

For scripts like a single Python file, it is not necessary to specify src in mkDerivation. When you want to use buildPythonPackage the sources need to provide a setup.py file which also is overkill for a lot of projects. The default mkDerivation will attempt to unpack your source code. This can be prevented that by applying unpackPhase = ":"; (: is a no-op in shell scripts).

myscript-package = pkgs.stdenv.mkDerivation {
  name = "myscript";
  buildInputs = [
    (pkgs.python36.withPackages (pythonPackages: with pythonPackages; [
      consul
      six
      requests
    ]))
  ];
  unpackPhase = ":";
  installPhase = "install -m755 -D ${./myscript.py} $out/bin/myscript";
};

stdenv's patchShebangs will automatically replace shebangs in the fixup phase, for ex. #!/usr/bin/env python3 with dependencies given in buildInputs. As the derivation got pkgs.python36.withPackages (...) in buildInputs, it will create a virtualenv-like python wrapper. The python wrapper will have all specified dependencies and will be used to call the script.

In NixOS, the package can be put into environment.systemPackages, and myscript will be available as a global command.

Source: nh2 @ StackOverflow

A more lightweight alternative is to use nix-shell in the shebang line as described in this blog post. This causes the expression to be evaluated and built every time the script is run; this means that the dependencies will always be kept up to date, but since nix-shell only creates a temporary GC root the dependencies may be removed by a garbage collection, so this approach is not advisable for users who don't have an internet connection available all the time.

Caveats

After packaging software and successfully generating an executable some functions of the package might still not work. This is a collection of error and how to fix them:

GLib-GIO-Message: Using the 'memory' GSettings backend. Your settings will not be saved or shared with

Fixed by adding wrapGAppsHook to buildInputs:

buildInputs = [ ...  wrapGAppsHook ];

Sample PR in nixpkgs:

• networkmanagerapplet

ImportError: libstdc++.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file

This can happen when importing python libraries: Solution: add ${stdenv.cc.cc.lib}/lib/libstdc++.so.6 to the LD_LIBRARY_PATH.

Test cannot access /etc/protocols, /etc/services or expects a special /etc/passwd when building in sandbox

Sometimes libraries try to fetch protocol specs via socket.getprotobyname('tcp') which fails in sandboxes because /etc/protocols is unaccessible. Override pre- and postCheck phases with this:

     preCheck = ''
       export NIX_REDIRECTS=/etc/protocols=${pkgs.iana-etc}/etc/protocols \
         LD_PRELOAD=${pkgs.libredirect}/lib/libredirect.so
     '';
     postCheck = ''
       unset NIX_REDIRECTS LD_PRELOAD
     '';