Overlays

Overlays provide a method to extend and change nixpkgs. They replace constructs like packageOverride and overridePackages.

Consider a simple example of setting the default proxy in Google Chrome:

let overlay1 = self: super:
{
   google-chrome = super.google-chrome.override {
     commandLineArgs =
       "--proxy-server='https=127.0.0.1:3128;http=127.0.0.1:3128'";
   };
};

Data flow of overlays

The data flow around overlays, especially regarding super and self arguments can be a bit confusing if you are not familiar with how overlays work. This graph below hopefully illustrate the data flow better:

Here the main package set is extended with two overlays, ext-1 and ext-2. x // y is represented by a // box with x coming in from the left and y from above.

As you can see, self is the same for every stage, but super comes from only the stage before. So when you define an attribute foo in the set to override it, within that overlay self.foo will be it's version, and super.foo will be the non-overriden version. This is why you see patterns like foo = super.foo.override { ... }.

The names self and super might remind you of inheritance in object-oriented languages. In fact, overlays are exactly the same thing as subclasses, with regards to overriding and calling methods. This data flow is also how objects know which method to call. This is probably why the two arguments got their names, too.

Using overlays

Applying overlays manually

import <nixpkgs> { overlays = [ overlay1 overlay2 ]; }

Applying overlays automatically

On the user level

A list of overlays placed into ~/.config/nixpkgs/overlays.nix will be automatically loaded by all nix tools.

Alternatively, you can put each overlay in its own .nix file under your ~/.config/nixpkgs/overlays directory.

On the system level

If you want your overlays to be accessible by nix tools and also in the system-wide configuration, add nixpkgs-overlays to your NIX_PATH:

NIX_PATH="$NIX_PATH:nixpkgs-overlays=/etc/nixos/overlays"

Currently nixos-rebuild only works with a <nixpkgs-overlays> path that is a directory.

There is a configuration option nixpkgs.overlays. Overlays set here will not be automatically applied by nix tools.

Using nixpkgs.overlays from configuration.nix as <nixpkgs-overlays> in your NIX_PATH

This will allow all the Nix tools to see the exact same overlay as is defined in your configuration.nix in the nixpkgs.overlays option.

In configuration.nix, depending on whether your configuration.nix already defines nix.nixPath, add one of those definitions:

{ config, pkgs, options, ... }: {
  # With existing `nix.nixPath` entry:
  nix.nixPath = [
    # Add the following to existing entries.
    "nixpkgs-overlays=/etc/nixos/overlays-compat/"
  ];
  # Without any `nix.nixPath` entry:
  nix.nixPath =
    # Prepend default nixPath values.
    options.nix.nixPath.default ++ 
    # Append our nixpkgs-overlays.
    [ "nixpkgs-overlays=/etc/nixos/overlays-compat/" ]
  ;
}

And, add the file /etc/nixos/overlays-compat/overlays.nix:

self: super:
with super.lib;
let
  # Using the nixos plumbing that's used to evaluate the config...
  eval = import <nixpkgs/nixos/lib/eval-config.nix>;
  # Evaluate the config,
  paths = (eval {modules = [(import <nixos-config>)];})
    # then get the `nixpkgs.overlays` option.
    .config.nixpkgs.overlays
  ;
in
foldl' (flip extends) (_: super) paths self

External Documentation

• Overlays in nixpkgs manual
• Blog post "The DOs and DON’Ts of nixpkgs overlays"

Python Packages Overlay

Here is an example of Python packages overlay. The trick is to also override python itself with `packageOverrides`.

Github issue with the snippet below: [[1]]

self: super:
# Within the overlay we use a recursive set, though I think we can use `self` as well.
rec {
  # nix-shell -p python.pkgs.my_stuff
  python = super.python.override {
    # Careful, we're using a different self and super here!
    packageOverrides = self: super: {
      my_stuff = super.buildPythonPackage rec {
        pname = "pyaes";
        version = "1.6.0";
        name = "${pname}-${version}";
        src = super.fetchPypi {
          inherit pname version;
          sha256 = "0bp9bjqy1n6ij1zb86wz9lqa1dhla8qr1d7w2kxyn7jbj56sbmcw";
        };
      };
    };
  };
  # nix-shell -p pythonPackages.my_stuff
  pythonPackages = python.pkgs;

  # nix-shell -p my_stuff
  my_stuff = pythonPackages.buildPythonPackage rec {
    pname = "pyaes";
    version = "1.6.0";
    name = "${pname}-${version}";
    src = pythonPackages.fetchPypi {
      inherit pname version;
      sha256 = "0bp9bjqy1n6ij1zb86wz9lqa1dhla8qr1d7w2kxyn7jbj56sbmcw";
    };
  };
}