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=== | === 将 AppImage 文件作为二进制类型注册到 binfmt_misc === | ||
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Revision as of 16:46, 7 October 2025
AppImage 是一种 Linux 应用程序的单体打包格式。它将所有依赖项都包含在一个文件中,该文件由一个可执行文件和一个附加的文件系统组成。
用法
运行
在大多数发行版中,只需下载 .AppImage
文件,使用 chmod +x $AppImage
使其可执行,然后执行即可。但这在 NixOS 中无法直接使用,因为 AppImage 文件通常(即使并非总是)依赖于硬编码路径中的某些系统库。
$ nix-shell -p appimage-run
$ appimage-run $AppImageFile
打包
请参阅 nixpkgs 手册中包装 AppImage 软件的部分。简而言之,提取 AppImage,并将所有依赖项添加为 nix 构建依赖项。 以下示例是 Quba 程序的 Derivation,它以 AppImage 的形式分发。
{
lib,
appimageTools,
fetchurl,
}:
let
version = "1.4.0";
pname = "quba";
name = "${pname}-${version}";
src = fetchurl {
url = "https://github.com/ZUGFeRD/quba-viewer/releases/download/v${version}/Quba-${version}.AppImage";
hash = "sha256-EsTF7W1np5qbQQh3pdqsFe32olvGK3AowGWjqHPEfoM=";
};
appimageContents = appimageTools.extractType1 { inherit name src; };
in
appimageTools.wrapType1 {
inherit name src;
extraInstallCommands = ''
mv $out/bin/${name} $out/bin/${pname}
install -m 444 -D ${appimageContents}/${pname}.desktop -t $out/share/applications
substituteInPlace $out/share/applications/${pname}.desktop \
--replace-fail 'Exec=AppRun' 'Exec=${pname}'
cp -r ${appimageContents}/usr/share/icons $out/share
'';
meta = {
description = "Viewer for electronic invoices";
homepage = "https://github.com/ZUGFeRD/quba-viewer";
downloadPage = "https://github.com/ZUGFeRD/quba-viewer/releases";
license = lib.licenses.asl20;
sourceProvenance = with lib.sourceTypes; [ binaryNativeCode ];
maintainers = with lib.maintainers; [ onny ];
platforms = [ "x86_64-linux" ];
};
}
配置
将 AppImage 文件作为二进制类型注册到 binfmt_misc
You can tell the Linux kernel to use an interpreter (e.g. appimage-run
) when executing certain binary files through the use of binfmt_misc, either by filename extension or magic number matching. Below NixOS configuration registers AppImage files (ELF files with magic number "AI" + 0x02) to be run with appimage-run
as interpreter.
Since NixOS 24.05, there is a binfmt option:
programs.appimage = {
enable = true;
binfmt = true;
};
This way AppImage files can be invoked directly as if they were normal programs