Export translations

Settings

Group

Language

Format

Export for off-line translation

Export in native format

Export in CSV format

{{DISPLAYTITLE:Steam}}<languages/>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
[https://store.steampowered.com/ Steam] is a digital distribution platform for video games, offering a vast library for purchase, download, and management. On NixOS, Steam is generally easy to install and use, often working "out-of-the-box". It supports running many Windows games on Linux through its compatibility layer, Proton.<ref>https://store.steampowered.com/</ref>
</div>

<span id="Installation"></span>
== 安装 ==

==== Shell ====

要在 shell 环境中临时使用 Steam 相关工具，例如 <code>steam-run</code>（用于 FHS 环境）或 <code>steamcmd</code>（用于服务器管理或 steam-tui 设置等工具），可以运行以下命令。
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
nix-shell -p steam-run # For FHS environment
nix-shell -p steamcmd  # For steamcmd
</syntaxhighlight>
这样就可以在当前 shell 中使用这些工具，而无需将其添加到系统配置中。为了使 <code>steamcmd</code> 能够正确执行某些任务（例如初始化 steam-tui），您可能需要运行一次 steamcmd 来生成必要的文件，如 `steam-tui` 部分所示。

<span id="System_setup"></span>
==== 系统设置 ====

要安装 [[Steam]] 软件包并启用所有必要的系统选项以使其运行，请将以下内容添加到您的 <code>/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</code> 中：
<syntaxhighlight lang="nix">
# Example for /etc/nixos/configuration.nix
programs.steam = {
  enable = true;
  remotePlay.openFirewall = true; # Open ports in the firewall for Steam Remote Play
  dedicatedServer.openFirewall = true; # Open ports in the firewall for Source Dedicated Server
};

# Optional: If you encounter amdgpu issues with newer kernels (e.g., 6.10+ reported issues),
# you might consider using the LTS kernel or a known stable version.
# boot.kernelPackages = pkgs.linuxPackages_lts; # Example for LTS
</syntaxhighlight>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
[https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41549030 Anecdata on kernel 6.10 issues]
</div>

{{note|Enabling [[steam]] installs several unfree packages. If you are using <code>allowUnfreePredicate</code> you will need to ensure that your configurations permit all of them.
<syntaxhighlight lang="nix">
{
  nixpkgs.config.allowUnfreePredicate = pkg: builtins.elem (lib.getName pkg) [
    "steam"
    "steam-unwrapped"
  ];
}
</syntaxhighlight>
}}

<span id="Configuration"></span>
== 配置 ==

基本 Steam 功能可以直接在 <code>programs.steam</code> 属性集中启用：
<syntaxhighlight lang="nix">
programs.steam = {
  enable = true; # Master switch, already covered in installation
  remotePlay.openFirewall = true;  # For Steam Remote Play
  dedicatedServer.openFirewall = true; # For Source Dedicated Server hosting
  # Other general flags if available can be set here.
};
# Tip: For improved gaming performance, you can also enable GameMode:
# programs.gamemode.enable = true;
</syntaxhighlight>
如果您使用的是 Steam 控制器或 Valve Index，请确保已启用 Steam 硬件支持。这通常由 <code>programs.steam.enable = true;</code> 隐式地设置，该设置会同时启用 <code>hardware.steam-hardware.enable = true;</code> 。如有需要，您可以验证或显式地进行设置：
<syntaxhighlight lang="nix">
hardware.steam-hardware.enable = true;
</syntaxhighlight>
<span id="Tips_and_tricks"></span>
== 提示和技巧 ==

<span id="Gamescope_Compositor_/_&quot;Boot_to_Steam_Deck&quot;"></span>
=== Gamescope Compositor / "启动至 Steam Deck" ===
Gamescope 可以作为最小桌面环境运行，这意味着您可以从 TTY 启动它，并获得与 Steam Deck 硬件控制台非常相似的体验。
<syntaxhighlight lang="nix">
# Clean Quiet Boot
boot.kernelParams = [ "quiet" "splash" "console=/dev/null" ];
boot.plymouth.enable = true;

programs.gamescope = {
  enable = true;
  capSysNice = true;
};
programs.steam.gamescopeSession.enable = true; # Integrates with programs.steam

# Gamescope Auto Boot from TTY (example)
services.xserver.enable = false; # Assuming no other Xserver needed
services.getty.autologinUser = "USERNAME_HERE";

services.greetd = {
  enable = true;
  settings = {
    default_session = {
      command = "${pkgs.gamescope}/bin/gamescope -W 1920 -H 1080 -f -e --xwayland-count 2 --hdr-enabled --hdr-itm-enabled -- steam -pipewire-dmabuf -gamepadui -steamdeck -steamos3 > /dev/null 2>&1";
      user = "USERNAME_HERE";
    };
  };
};
</syntaxhighlight>

=== steam-tui ===
如果您想使用 steam-tui 客户端，则需要自行安装。它依赖于 <code>steamcmd</code> 的设置，因此您需要运行一次 <code>steamcmd</code> 来生成必要的配置文件。
首先，确保 <code>steamcmd</code> 可用（例如，运行 <code>nix-shell -p steamcmd</code> 或将其添加到 <code>environment.systemPackages</code> ），然后运行：
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
steamcmd +quit # This initializes steamcmd's directory structure
</syntaxhighlight>
然后安装并运行 `steam-tui`。如果 `steam-tui` 出现问题，您可能需要先在 `steamcmd` 中登录：
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
# (Inside steamcmd prompt, if needed for full login before steam-tui)
# login <username> <password> <steam_2fa_code>
# quit
</syntaxhighlight>
安装完成后， <code>steam-tui</code> （例如通过 <code>home.packages</code> 或 <code>environment.systemPackages</code> 安装）应该可以正常启动。

<span id="FHS_environment_only"></span>
=== 仅 FHS 环境 ===
要运行需要标准 Linux 文件系统层次结构标准 (FHS) 的专有游戏或从互联网下载的软件，可以使用 <code>steam-run</code> 。它提供了一个类似 FHS 的环境，而无需对软件进行任何修改。
请注意，对于从 Nixpkgs 安装的客户端（如 Minigalaxy 或 Itch），这并非必要，因为它们已经根据需要使用 FHS 环境。
有两种方法可以实现 <code>steam-run</code> 功能：
1. 安装 <code>steam-run</code> ，可选择系统级安装或用户级安装：
<syntaxhighlight lang="nix">
# In /etc/nixos/configuration.nix
environment.systemPackages = with pkgs; [
  steam-run
];
</syntaxhighlight>
2. 如果您需要更大的灵活性，或者想要使用已覆盖的 Steam 包的 FHS 环境：
<syntaxhighlight lang="nix">
# In /etc/nixos/configuration.nix
environment.systemPackages = with pkgs; [
  (steam.override { /* Your overrides here */ }).run
];
</syntaxhighlight>
=== Proton ===
您应该可以使用 Proton 运行大多数 Windows 游戏。如果某个游戏有原生 Linux 版本，但在 NixOS 上会出现问题，您可以通过在 Steam 的游戏兼容性设置中选择特定的 Proton 版本来强制使用 Proton。
默认情况下，Steam 还会在 <code>~/.steam/root/compatibilitytools.d</code> 中查找自定义 Proton 版本。可以通过设置环境变量 <code>STEAM_EXTRA_COMPAT_TOOLS_PATHS</code> 来添加其他搜索路径。
自定义 Proton 版本的声明式安装（例如 GE-Proton）：
<syntaxhighlight lang="nix">
programs.steam.extraCompatPackages = with pkgs; [
  proton-ge-bin
];
</syntaxhighlight>
可使用 ProtonUp-Qt 手动管理多个 Proton 版本：
<syntaxhighlight lang="nix">
environment.systemPackages = with pkgs; [
  protonup-qt
];
</syntaxhighlight>
<span id="Overriding_the_Steam_package"></span>
=== 覆盖 Steam 软件包 ===
在某些情况下，您可能需要覆盖默认的 Steam 程序包以提供缺失的依赖项或修改其构建。为此，请使用 <code>programs.steam.package</code> 选项。NixOS 上的 Steam 会在 FHS 环境下运行许多游戏，但 Steam 客户端本身或某些工具可能需要额外的库。
示例：添加 Bumblebee 和 Primus（适用于 NVIDIA Optimus）：
<syntaxhighlight lang="nix">
programs.steam.package = pkgs.steam.override {
  extraPkgs = pkgs': with pkgs'; [ bumblebee primus ];
};

# For 32-bit applications with Steam, if using steamFull:
# programs.steam.package = pkgs.steamFull.override { extraPkgs = pkgs': with pkgs'; [ bumblebee primus ]; };
</syntaxhighlight>

示例：为 Gamescope 添加 Xorg 库（在 Steam 中使用时）：
<syntaxhighlight lang="nix">
programs.steam.package = pkgs.steam.override {
  extraPkgs = pkgs': with pkgs'; [
    xorg.libXcursor
    xorg.libXi
    xorg.libXinerama
    xorg.libXScrnSaver
    libpng
    libpulseaudio
    libvorbis
    stdenv.cc.cc.lib # Provides libstdc++.so.6
    libkrb5
    keyutils
    # Add other libraries as needed
  ];
};
</syntaxhighlight>

<span id="Fix_missing_icons_for_games_in_GNOME_dock_and_activities_overview"></span>
=== 修复 GNOME Dock 栏和活动概览中游戏图标缺失的问题 ===
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
GNOME uses the window class to determine the icon associated with a window. Steam currently doesn't set the required key for this in its .desktop files<ref>https://github.com/ValveSoftware/steam-for-linux/issues/12207</ref>, but you can fix this manually by editing the <code>StartupWMClass</code> key for each game's .desktop file, found under <code>~/.local/share/applications/</code>.
</div>

对于通过 Proton 运行的游戏，该值应为 <code>steam_app_<game_id></code> （在哪里<code><game_id></code>与 <code>Exec</code> 行中 steam://rungameid/ 之后的值匹配）。

对于原生运行的游戏，该值应与游戏的主可执行文件匹配。

例如，Valheim 的修改后的 .desktop 文件如下所示：

<syntaxhighlight lang="desktop">
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Valheim
Comment=Play this game on Steam
Exec=steam steam://rungameid/892970
Icon=steam_icon_892970
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Game;
StartupWMClass=valheim.x86_64
</syntaxhighlight>
<span id="Troubleshooting"></span>
== 故障排除 ==

对于所有问题：首先通过终端运行 <code>steam -dev -console</code> 并读取输出。

<span id="Steam_fails_to_start._What_do_I_do?"></span>
=== Steam 无法启动。我该怎么办？ ===
在终端运行 <code>strace steam -dev -console 2> steam.logs</code> 命令。如果未安装 <code>strace</code> ，请使用 <code>nix-shell -p strace</code> 或 <code>nix run nixpkgs#strace -- steam -dev -console 2> steam.logs</code> （如果使用 Flakes 版本）临时安装。之后，请提交错误报告。

<span id="Steam_is_not_updated"></span>
=== Steam 未更新 ===
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
When you restart [[Steam]] after an update, it starts the old version. ([https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/181904 #181904])
A workaround is to remove the user files in <code>/home/&lt;USER&gt;/.local/share/Steam/userdata</code>. This can be done with <code>rm -rf /home/&lt;USER&gt;/.local/share/Steam/userdata</code> in the terminal or with your file manager. After that, Steam can be set up again by restarting.
</div>

<span id="Game_fails_to_start"></span>
=== 游戏无法启动 ===
游戏可能无法启动，原因可能是缺少依赖项（目前应将此添加到脚本中），或者无法进行补丁更新。直接启动游戏的步骤如下：
如果可以，请修补脚本/二进制文件。
* 在二进制文件夹中添加一个名为 steam_appid.txt 的文件，内容为 appid（可在 Steam 的标准输出中找到）。
* 使用来自 nix/store steam 脚本的 LD_LIBRARY_PATH，启动游戏二进制文件
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=~/.steam/bin32:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/nix/store/pfsa... blabla ...curl-7.29.0/lib:. ./Osmos.bin32 (if you could not patchelf the game, call ld.so directly with the binary as parameter)
</syntaxhighlight>
注意：如果游戏卡在“正在安装脚本”界面，请检查是否存在 DXSETUP.EXE 进程并手动运行它，然后重新启动游戏。

<span id="Changing_the_driver_on_AMD_GPUs"></span>
==== 更改 AMD GPU 的驱动程序 ====
{{note|This is not recommended because radv drivers tend to perform better and are generally more stable than amdvlk.}}
有时，更换 AMD GPU 的驱动程序会有帮助。要尝试此方法，首先，安装多个驱动程序，例如 radv 和 amdvlk：
<syntaxhighlight lang="nix">
hardware.graphics = {
  ## radv: an open-source Vulkan driver from freedesktop
  enable32Bit = true;

## amdvlk: an open-source Vulkan driver from AMD
  extraPackages = [ pkgs.amdvlk ];
  extraPackages32 = [ pkgs.driversi686Linux.amdvlk ];
};
</syntaxhighlight>
如果两个驱动程序都存在，[[Steam]] 将默认使用 amdvlk。amdvlk 驱动程序在 Vulkan 规范实现方面更准确，但性能不如 radv。然而，这种在正确性和性能之间的权衡有时会直接影响游戏体验。
如果同时安装了 radv 和 amdvlk，要将驱动程序“重置”为 radv，请设置环境变量 <code>AMD_VULKAN_ICD = "RADV"</code> 或 <code>VK_ICD_FILENAMES = "/run/opengl-driver/share/vulkan/icd.d/radeon_icd.x86_64.json"</code> 。例如，如果您从 shell 启动 Steam，则可以通过运行 <code>AMD_VULKAN_ICD="RADV" steam</code> 为当前会话启用 radv。如果您不确定当前使用的是哪个驱动程序，可以启动一个启用了 MangoHud 的游戏，MangoHud 可以显示当前正在使用的驱动程序。
=== SteamVR ===
SteamVR 启动时的 setcap 问题可以通过以下方法解决：
<code>sudo setcap CAP_SYS_NICE+ep ~/.local/share/Steam/steamapps/common/SteamVR/bin/linux64/vrcompositor-launcher</code>
<span id="Gamescope_fails_to_launch_when_used_within_Steam"></span>
=== 与 Steam 使用时 Gamescope 无法启动 ===
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Gamescope may fail to start due to missing Xorg libraries. ([https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/214275 #214275]) To resolve this override the steam package to add them:
</div>
<syntaxhighlight lang="nix">
programs.steam.package = pkgs.steam.override {
  extraPkgs = pkgs': with pkgs'; [
    xorg.libXcursor
    xorg.libXi
    xorg.libXinerama
    xorg.libXScrnSaver
    libpng
    libpulseaudio
    libvorbis
    stdenv.cc.cc.lib # Provides libstdc++.so.6
    libkrb5
    keyutils
    # Add other libraries as needed
  ];
};
</syntaxhighlight>
<span id="Udev_rules_for_additional_Gamepads"></span>
=== 额外游戏手柄的 udev 规则 ===
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
In specific scenarios gamepads, might require some additional configuration in order to function properly in the form of udev rules. This can be achieved with <code>services.udev.extraRules</code>.
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
The following example is for the 8bitdo Ultimate Bluetooth controller, different controllers will require knowledge of the vendor and product ID for the device:
</div>
<syntaxhighlight lang="nix">
  services.udev.extraRules = ''
    SUBSYSTEM=="input", ATTRS{idVendor}=="2dc8", ATTRS{idProduct}=="3106", MODE="0660", GROUP="input"
  '';
</syntaxhighlight>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
To find the vendor and product ID of a device [https://search.nixos.org/packages?channel=unstable&show=usbutils&from=0&size=50&sort=relevance&type=packages&query=usbutils usbutils] might be useful
</div>
<span id="Known_issues"></span>
=== 已知问题 ===
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
"Project Zomboid" may report "couldn't determine 32/64 bit of java". This is not related to java at all, it carries its own outdated java binary that refuses to start if path contains non-Latin characters. Check for errors by directly starting local java binary within <code>steam-run bash</code>.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Resetting your password through the [[Steam]] app may fail at the CAPTCHA step repeatedly, with [[Steam]] itself reporting that the CAPTCHA was not correct, even though the CAPTCHA UI shows success. Resetting password through the [[Steam]] website should work around that.
</div>
<span id="References"></span>
== 参考 ==

[[Category:Applications]]
[[Category:Gaming]]