Podman

Podman can run rootless containers and be a drop-in replacement for Docker.

Install and configure podman with NixOS service configuration

{ pkgs, ... }:
{
  # Enable common container config files in /etc/containers
  virtualisation.containers.enable = true;
  virtualisation = {
    podman = {
      enable = true;

      # Create a `docker` alias for podman, to use it as a drop-in replacement
      dockerCompat = true;

      # Required for containers under podman-compose to be able to talk to each other.
      defaultNetwork.settings.dns_enabled = true;
    };
  };

  # Useful other development tools
  environment.systemPackages = with pkgs; [
    dive            # look into docker image layers
    podman-tui      # status of containers in the terminal
    #docker-compose # start group of containers for dev
    podman-compose  # start group of containers for dev
  ];
}

podman-compose

podman-compose is a drop-in replacement for docker-compose

Using podman with ZFS

Rootless can't use ZFS directly but the overlay needs POSIX ACL enabled for the underlying ZFS filesystem, ie., acltype=posixacl

Best to mount a dataset under /var/lib/containers/storage with property acltype=posixacl.

Use Podman within nix-shell

https://gist.github.com/adisbladis/187204cb772800489ee3dac4acdd9947

Note that rootless podman requires newuidmap (from shadow). If you're not on NixOS, this cannot be supplied by the Nix package 'shadow' since setuid/setgid programs are not currently supported by Nix.

Run Podman containers as systemd services

{
  virtualisation.oci-containers.backend = "podman";
  virtualisation.oci-containers.containers = {
    container-name = {
      image = "container-image";
      autoStart = true;
      ports = [ "127.0.0.1:1234:1234" ];
    };
  };
}