A cheat sheet and rough mapping between Ubuntu and NixOS

This is meant to give you basic ideas and get you unstuck. NixOS being very different from most distributions, a deeper understanding will be necessary sooner or later! Follow the links to the manual pages and browse the wiki to find real NixOS tutorials.

The system-wide column is the equivalent of using apt under Ubuntu.

TODO Provide well-commented sample configuration.nix and ~/.nixpkgs/config.nix files with examples of common tasks.

Task	Ubuntu	NixOS (system-wide and root)	NixOS (user) and Nix in general	Relevant section of the manual
Basic concepts
		This column will let you do everything you can with Ubuntu and more.	This column just isn't possible in Ubuntu.
Who can install packages and who can run them?	All packages are always system-wide and only root can install packages.	Packages root installs are system-wide. It does so through through /etc/nixos/configuration.nix. If root installs packages the same way users do, through ~/.nixpkgs/config.nix, they are also global. Root's default profile is the system-wide default profile.	Users can install their own packages and have their own profiles (environments) through ~/.nixpkgs/config.nix	Package management
Package manager	apt which is really running on top of dpkg, sometimes wrapped by UIs like aptitude.	nix, but many system-wide operations are provided by nixos packages.	Just nix without the involvement of nixos.
How do you select your official sources and major releases	These are baked into the distribution (e.g. Ubuntu version X). Upgrades are hard and permanent.	At any time you select from a collection of channels. They're system-wide when set by root. You can roll back changes or switch channels with ease.	Channels are per-user if they're not set by root.
Where are packages installed?	apt installs globally into /bin/, /usr/, etc.	System-wide packages are in /run/current-system/sw/ (these are installed because of /etc/nixos/configuration.nix) and /nix/var/nix/profiles/default/bin/ (this is the profile managed by root). Note that the files are just symlinks to the real packages managed by nix /nix/store/.	User packages are in ~/.nix-profile/. Note that the files are just symlinks to the real packages managed by nix in /nix/store/.
When changes take effect	As soon as the command runs. Commands are not atomic and can leave your machine in a bad state.	Most of the time you modify the configuration file and apply changes with nixos-rebuild switch TODO How does one get nixos to do all the work for a switch and separate out the actual switching from fetching/building?	Most of the time you apply changes with nix-env -i all TODO How does one get nix to do all the work for a switch and separate out the actual switching from fetching/building?
Packages	Uniformly referred to as packages	Technically called "derivations" but everyone calls them packages.	Technically called "derivations" but everyone calls them packages.
Package management
Install a package	sudo apt-get install emacs	In /etc/nixos/configuration.nix: If it's a program add to systemPackages: systemPackages = with pkgs; [ <other packages...> emacs ]; If it's a service add: services.openssh.enable = true;	nix-env -i emacs Or with collections, add the package to your ~/.nixpkgs/config.nix and run nix-env -i all