Tex

According to Wikipedia:

TeX [...]is a typesetting system which was designed and mostly written by Donald Knuth and released in 1978. TeX is a popular means of typesetting complex mathematical formulae; it has been noted as one of the most sophisticated digital typographical systems.

Nixpkgs provides a variety of different (and partially complementing) packages to allow the compilation of TeX-documents. Most prominently, the TexLive distribution (In Oct 2020 version 2019) is included that contains many of the packages that are hosted as part of the Comprehensive TeX Archive Network (CTAN).

Getting started

TeX-documents are not What-you-see-is-what-you-get, but written in plain text, containing tags, commands and functions that instruct the TeX-engine how to lay out the text (or figures or anything else) on the page.

A minimal TeX-document might look like this:

\documentclass{article}
\begin{document}
Hello, Nix.
\end{document}

The Nixpkgs-repository contains several TeX-compilers that have different advantages and disadvantages, support various output formats, encodings and have varying degrees of extensibility.

For the sake of this text we will assume that you you want to create a PDF from your TeX-source.

A good starting point is to install the TeX-Live basic setup:

nix-env -iA nixos.texlive.combined.scheme-basic

After installation, the command pdflatex should be available. Save the minimal example above in a file called minimal.tex and compile it with pdflatex minimal.tex

The (pretty verbose) output will look similar to:

$ pdflatex minimal.tex
This is pdfTeX, Version 3.14159265-2.6-1.40.21 (TeX Live 2019/NixOS.org)
entering extended mode
(minimal.tex
LaTeX2e <2020-02-02> patch level 5
L3 programming layer <2020-05-14> (.../tex/latex/base\article.cls
Document Class: article 2019/12/20 v1.4l Standard LaTeX document class
(.../tex/latex/base\size10.clo))
(.../tex/latex/l3backend\l3backend-pdfmode.def)
No file minimal.aux.
[1{.../pdftex/config/pdftex.map}]
(minimal.aux) )<.../fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmr10.pfb>
Output written on minimal.pdf (1 page, 12502 bytes).
Transcript written on minimal.log.

Well done, you created your first PDF document on Nixos using TeX.

If you need many different packages or find that you are missing packages, consider to install the package nixpkgs.texlive.combined.scheme-full, but be aware that it is pretty huge (1-2 GB).

Next steps

Use Texlive packages. TODO

Use CTAN packages TODO

Use home-made packages. TODO