Thumbnails

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Enabling Thumbnailers

On minimal / custom desktop environments thumbnails in file explorers may not work by default. For example:

• GNOME environments with the option services.gnome.core-utilities.enable = false;
• Custom environments built using window managers like sway or hyperland

Enable Video Thumbnails

To enable thumbnails for video files use ffmpeg-headless to decode videos and fmpegthumbnailer to generate thumbnails.

Thumbnails for the following MimeTypes are enabled: video/jpeg; video/mp4; video/mpeg; video/quicktime; video/x-ms-asf; video/x-ms-wm; video/x-ms-wmv; video/x-ms-asx; video/x-ms-wmx; video/x-ms-wvx; video/x-msvideo; video/x-flv; video/x-matroska; application/x-matroska; application/mxf; video/3gp; video/3gpp; video/dv; video/divx; video/fli; video/flv; video/mp2t; video/mp4v-es; video/msvideo; video/ogg; video/vivo; video/vnd.avi; video/vnd.divx; video/vnd.mpegurl; video/vnd.rn-realvideo; application/vnd.rn-realmedia; video/vnd.vivo; video/webm; video/x-anim; video/x-avi; video/x-flc; video/x-fli; video/x-flic; video/x-m4v; video/x-mpeg; video/x-mpeg2; video/x-nsv; video/x-ogm+ogg; video/x-theora+ogg.

# configuration.nix
{ pkgs, ... }: 
{

  environment.systemPackages = with pkgs; [
    ffmpeg-headless
    ffmpegthumbnailer
  ];

  # 'ffmpegthumbnailer.thumbnailer' is created in '/run/current-system/sw/share/thumbnailers' 
    # but thumbnails are not displayed unless symlinks to 'share/thumbnailers' are also defined

  # uncomment if this has already been defined in your configuration.nix
  environment.pathsToLink = [
    "share/thumbnailers"
  ];

}

Enable Image Thumbnails

To enable thumbnails for image files use gdk-pixbuf to decode images and generate thumbnails.

Thumbnails for the following MimeTypes are enabled: image/png; image/jpeg; image/bmp; image/x-bmp; image/x-MS-bmp; image/gif; image/x-icon; image/x-ico; image/x-win-bitmap; image/vnd.microsoft.icon; application/ico; image/ico; image/icon; text/ico; image/x-portable-anymap; image/x-portable-bitmap; image/x-portable-graymap; image/x-portable-pixmap; image/tiff; image/x-xpixmap; image/x-xbitmap; image/x-tga; image/x-icns; image/x-quicktime; image/qtif.

# configuration.nix
{ pkgs, ... }: 
{

  environment.systemPackages = with pkgs; [ 
    gdk-pixbuf
  ];

  # 'gdk-pixbuf-thumbnailer.thumbnailer' is created in '/run/current-system/sw/share/thumbnailers' 
    # but thumbnails are not displayed unless symlinks to 'share/thumbnailers' are also defined

  # uncomment if this has already been defined in your configuration.nix
  environment.pathsToLink = [
   "share/thumbnailers"
  ];

}

Enable HEIF Image Thumbnails

To enable thumbnails for HEIF image format use libheif to decode HEIF images and libheif.out to generate thumbnails.

Thumbnails for the following MimeTypes are enabled: image/heif; image/avif.

# configuration.nix
{ pkgs, ... }: 
{

  environment.systemPackages = with pkgs; [ 
    libheif
    libheif.out
  ];

  # 'heif.thumbnailer' is created in '/run/current-system/sw/share/thumbnailers' 
    # but thumbnails are not displayed unless symlinks to 'share/thumbnailers' are also defined

  # uncomment if this has already been defined in your configuration.nix
  environment.pathsToLink = [
   "share/thumbnailers"
  ];

}

Enable RAW (Camera) Image Thumbnails

nufraw-thumbnailer

To enable thumbnails for camera RAW format use nufraw to decode RAW images and nufraw-thumbnailer to generate thumbnails.

Thumbnails for the following MimeTypes are enabled: image/x-canon-cr2;image/x-canon-crw;image/x-minolta-mrw;image/x-nikon-nef;image/x-pentax-pef;image/x-panasonic-rw2;image/x-panasonic-raw2;image/x-samsung-srw;image/x-olympus-orf;image/x-sony-arw.

# configuration.nix
{ pkgs, ... }: 
{

  environment.systemPackages = with pkgs; [ 
    nufraw
    nufraw-thumbnailer
  ];

  # 'nufraw.thumbnailer' is created in '/run/current-system/sw/share/thumbnailers' 
    # but thumbnails are not displayed unless symlinks to 'share/thumbnailers' are also defined

  # uncomment if this has already been defined in your configuration.nix
  environment.pathsToLink = [
   "share/thumbnailers"
  ];

}

By default nufraw-thumbnailer

• creates thumbnails using the embedded 'jpeg' in the camera raw files. ( --noexif )
• does not respect the EXIF metadata. ( --embedded-image )

Output of cat /run/current-system/sw/share/thumbnailers/nufraw.thumbnailer:

[Thumbnailer Entry]
TryExec=/nix/store/piss9dl8i5xnfm5yagdffgxycm8lsqpl-nufraw-0.43-3/bin/nufraw-batch
Exec=/nix/store/piss9dl8i5xnfm5yagdffgxycm8lsqpl-nufraw-0.43-3/bin/nufraw-batch --silent --size %s --out-type=png --noexif --output=%o --embedded-image %i
MimeType=image/x-canon-cr2;image/x-canon-crw;image/x-minolta-mrw;image/x-nikon-nef;image/x-pentax-pef;image/x-panasonic-rw2;image/x-panasonic-raw2;image/x-samsung-srw;image/x-olympus-orf;image/x-sony-arw

Additional cameras beyond those listed in the stock nufraw.thumbnailer file are also supported. The following additional MimeTypes are supported: image/x-adobe-dng; image/x-dcraw; image/x-fuji-raf; image/x-kodak-dcr; image/x-kodak-k25; image/x-kodak-kdc; image/x-nikon-nrw; image/x-panasonic-raw; image/x-sigma-x3f; image/x-sony-srf; image/x-sony-sr2

Eg: Generate thumbnails from 'raw' data (not 'embedded jpeg') + respect EXIF (eg: rotation) metadata + add support for additional camera formats

# configuration.nix
{ pkgs, ... }:

{

  environment.systemPackages = [
    nufraw
    nufraw-thumbnailer
    # Thumbnails form 'raw' data and include EXIF tags for Adobe-DNG images
    (writeTextDir "share/thumbnailers/my-custom-nufraw.thumbnailer" ''
      [Thumbnailer Entry]
      TryExec=nufraw-batch
      Exec=nufraw-batch --silent --size %s --out-type=png --output=%o %i
      MimeType=image/x-adobe-dng;image/x-dng;
    '';)
    # MimeTypes not listed here but listed in the default nufraw.thumbnailer will continue displaying
      # thumbnails generated form the 'embedded jpeg' without the EXIF metadata
  ];

  # uncomment if this has already been defined in your configuration.nix
  environment.pathsToLink = [
   "share/thumbnailers"
  ];

}

gdk-pixbuf thumbnailer

The gdk-pixbuf thumbnailer can also generate thumbnails (from the 'embedded jpeg') for RAW camera image formats. It cannot decode the 'raw' image data but can read the 'embedded jpeg'.

# configuration.nix
{ pkgs, ... }:

{

  environment.systemPackages = [
    gdk-pixbuf
    (writeTextDir "share/thumbnailers/my-custom-nufraw.thumbnailer" ''
      [Thumbnailer Entry]
      TryExec=gdk-pixbuf-thumbnailer
      Exec=gdk-pixbuf-thumbnailer -s %s %u %o
      MimeType=image/x-adobe-dng;image/x-dng;image/x-canon-cr2;image/x-canon-crw;image/x-cr2;image/x-crw;
    '';)
  ];

  # uncomment if this has already been defined in your configuration.nix
  environment.pathsToLink = [
   "share/thumbnailers"
  ];

}

Creating Custom Thumbnailers

Most package mangers accept the Thumbnail Managing Standard, by using it you can create your own thumbnailer for any file format, this can be done by:

1. First you need to figure out how to create a .png image from a file in the desired format.
2. Create a .thumbnailer file in $XDG_DATA_DIRS/thumbnailers.
3. Restart your thumbnailer service (This is specific to each file manager) and test if it's working.

Example

You could create a thumbnailer for Krita's .kra file format like so:

.kra are zip files, with a preview stored at /preview.png, we can use unzip to extract the preview:

unzip -p robot-squirrel.kra preview.png > robot-squirrel.png

Create a .thumbnailer file in any $XDG_DATA_DIRS/thumbnailers directory.

# $HOME/.local/share/thumbnailers/kra.thumbnailer
[Thumbnailer Entry]
Exec=sh -c "unzip -p %i preview.png > %o"
MimeType=application/x-krita;

Restart your thumbnailer service (This is specific to each file manager) and test if it's working.

After you have a working definition, you can make it reproducible like so:

# configuration.nix
{ pkgs, ... }: {
  environment.systemPackages = [
    (
      pkgs.writeTextFile {
        # This can be anything, it's just the name of the derivation in the nix store
        name = "krita-thumbnailer";
        # This is the important part, the path under which this will be installed
        destination = "/share/thumbnailers/kra.thumbnailer";
        # The contents of your thumbnailer, don't forget to specify the full path to executables
        text = ''
          [Thumbnailer Entry]
          Exec=sh -c "${pkgs.unzip}/bin/unzip -p %i preview.png > %o"
          MimeType=application/x-krita;
        '';
      }
    )
  ];
}