VR

Monado

Monado is an open source OpenXR runtime. It offers support for a variety of hardware using its built-in drivers and can be used to run any OpenXR and, with the help of OpenComposite, most OpenVR applications.

Monado can be configured using its NixOS options services.monado.enable:

/etc/nixos/configuration.nix

services.monado = {
  enable = true;
  defaultRuntime = true; # Register as default OpenXR runtime
};

In order to configure Monado, you might want to add additional environment variables:

/etc/nixos/configuration.nix

systemd.user.services.monado.environment = {
  STEAMVR_LH_ENABLE = "1";
  XRT_COMPOSITOR_COMPUTE = "1";
};

Once configured, Monado can be started and stopped in a systemd user session.

For example, the following commands will start Monado and then follow its log output:

$ systemctl --user start monado.service
$ journalctl --user --follow --unit monado.service

Hand Tracking

You may notice that running monado-services will fail due to the lack of hand tracking data. There are 2 ways to remedy this, either disable hand tracking altogether, or download the hand tracking data.

To disable hand tracking, modify the environment variable to include WMR_HANDTRACKING = "0";, so that it will look like this.

/etc/nixos/configuration.nix

systemd.user.services.monado.environment = {
  STEAMVR_LH_ENABLE = "1";
  XRT_COMPOSITOR_COMPUTE = "1";
  WMR_HANDTRACKING = "0";
};

To get hand tracking to work, you require git-lfs to be enabled. The standard way of enabling git-lfs is through the configuration below

/etc/nixos/configuration.nix

programs.git = {
  enable = true;
  lfs.enable = true;
};

After making sure git-lfs is enabled, run these commands and restart monado-service

$ mkdir -p ~/.local/share/monado
$ cd ~/.local/share/monado
$ git clone https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/monado/utilities/hand-tracking-models

For further information about available environment variables and tweaks, read the Linux VR Adventures wiki and the Monado documentation about environment variables

OpenComposite

OpenComposite is a compatibility layer for running OpenVR applications on an OpenXR runtime like Monado. It is comparable to tools like DXVK or vkd3d, but for translating OpenVR calls to OpenXR.

In order to run OpenVR games on anything other than SteamVR, you need to configure the OpenVR runtime path defined in ~/.config/openvr/openvrpaths.vrpath. A reliable way to do this is to use Home Manager to create this file.

Warning: Older versions of Proton will always query the current OpenVR and OpenXR runtime. If you use OpenComposite, and it fails to initialize an OpenXR context, Proton will fail to launch. A workaround is to delete the ~/.config/openvr/openvrpaths.vrpath file and then retry launching the game.

If this file is not set to read-only, SteamVR will add its runtime path back, hence the use for Home Manager.

An example configuration for enabling OpenComposite may look like this:

~/.config/home-manager/home.nix

# For Monado:
xdg.configFile."openxr/1/active_runtime.json".source = "${pkgs.monado}/share/openxr/1/openxr_monado.json";

# For WiVRn:
xdg.configFile."openxr/1/active_runtime.json".source = "${pkgs.wivrn}/share/openxr/1/openxr_wivrn.json";

xdg.configFile."openvr/openvrpaths.vrpath".text = ''
  {
    "config" :
    [
      "${config.xdg.dataHome}/Steam/config"
    ],
    "external_drivers" : null,
    "jsonid" : "vrpathreg",
    "log" :
    [
      "${config.xdg.dataHome}/Steam/logs"
    ],
    "runtime" :
    [
      "${pkgs.opencomposite}/lib/opencomposite"
    ],
    "version" : 1
  }
'';

If you are planning to play any OpenVR game on Steam or OpenXR games through Proton, you will have to use OpenComposite in this manner. In most cases you also have to allow access to the socket path of your OpenXR runtime to Steam's runtime, by using the following launch options for XR applications on Steam: env PRESSURE_VESSEL_FILESYSTEMS_RW=$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/monado_comp_ipc %command%. This example is for Monado, while other XR runtimes might differ.

WiVRn

WiVRn is an OpenXR streaming application built around Monado. It wirelessly connects a standalone VR headset to a Linux computer. If your headset is not wireless, look at Monado instead. Example usage of the WiVRn module:

/etc/nixos/configuration.nix

services.wivrn = {
  enable = true;
  openFirewall = true;

  # Write information to /etc/xdg/openxr/1/active_runtime.json, VR applications
  # will automatically read this and work with WiVRn (Note: This does not currently
  # apply for games run in Valve's Proton)
    defaultRuntime = true;

  # Run WiVRn as a systemd service on startup
  autoStart = true;

  # Config for WiVRn (https://github.com/WiVRn/WiVRn/blob/master/docs/configuration.md)
  config = {
    enable = true;
    json = {
      # 1.0x foveation scaling
      scale = 1.0;
      # 100 Mb/s
      bitrate = 100000000;
      encoders = [
        {
          encoder = "vaapi";
          codec = "h265";
          # 1.0 x 1.0 scaling
          width = 1.0;
          height = 1.0;
          offset_x = 0.0;
          offset_y = 0.0;
        }
      ];
    };
  };
};

Like Monado, you will also have to add the launch argument for WiVRn to allow access to the socket: PRESSURE_VESSEL_FILESYSTEMS_RW=$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/wivrn/comp_ipc %command%

In order to mitigate crashing on an Nvidia system, you should install the monado-vulkan-layers package. If it isn't installed, the dashboard will notify you. You can install it by adding `monado-vulkan-layers` from Nixpkgs to `hardware.graphics.extraPackages` and `environment.systemPackages`

Envision

Envision is an orchestrator for the FOSS VR stack. It handles the building and configuration of Monado, WiVRn, OpenComposite, and other utilities of the FOSS VR stack such as the Lighthouse driver, OpenHMD, Survive, and WMR. You can enable it with the Envision module:

/etc/nixos/configuration.nix

programs.envision = {
  enable = true;
  openFirewall = true; # This is set true by default
};

SteamVR

SteamVR is a proprietary OpenVR runtime with compatibility for OpenXR. It is part of Steam and doesn't need any additional setup on NixOS apart from enabling Steam.

After installing SteamVR through Steam and plugging in a SteamVR-compatible headset, SteamVR should work for the most part.

On initial setup, SteamVR will ask for elevated permissions, to set up a file capability for one of its binaries. This is needed to allow asynchronous reprojection to work. Clients need the CAP_SYS_NICE capability to acquire a high-priority context, which is a requirement for asynchronous reprojection.

Note: Steam is run in a bubblewrap-based FHS environment. This environment runs Steam in a user namespace, which prevents it from using any capabilities or setuid binaries. This means that asynchronous reprojection can not be used on NixOS, without patching the kernel to remove these restrictions completely. See this Nixpkgs issue

Patching AMDGPU to allow high priority queues

By applying this patch, the AMDGPU kernel driver will ignore process privileges and allow any application to create high priority contexts.

Warning: This removes intentional restrictions from the kernel, and it could cause scheduling issues. While it has not been reported that it does cause issues, this should be considered an unsupported configuration.

Applying as a NixOS kernel patch

To workaround the CAP_SYS_NICE requirement, we can apply a kernel patch using the following NixOS configuration snippet:

/etc/nixos/configuration.nix

boot.kernelPatches = [
  {
    name = "amdgpu-ignore-ctx-privileges";
    patch = pkgs.fetchpatch {
      name = "cap_sys_nice_begone.patch";
      url = "https://github.com/Frogging-Family/community-patches/raw/master/linux61-tkg/cap_sys_nice_begone.mypatch";
      hash = "sha256-Y3a0+x2xvHsfLax/uwycdJf3xLxvVfkfDVqjkxNaYEo=";
    };
  }
];

It is also possible to just patch amdgpu and build it as an out-of-tree module, as described in Linux_kernel#Patching_a_single_In-tree_kernel_module

wlx-overlay-s

wlx-overlay-s is a lightweight OpenXR/OpenVR overlay for Wayland and X11 desktops. It works with SteamVR as well as Monado/WiVRn natively.

SteamVR autostart

When launching wlx-overlay-s in SteamVR (or any OpenVR compositor) it will register an autostart manifest. Currently, this manifest will reference a Nix store path of wlx-overlay-s, which might get garbage collected after rebuilds of your NixOS/Nix profile. A workaround is to regularly run the following command to update the manifest's store path:

# Run wlx-overlay-s and replace any running instance
$ wlx-overlay-s --replace

See also

• Linux VR Adventures Wiki