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Created page with "Vim"
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Ardenet (talk | contribs)
1,780 edits
Created page with "对于 C/C++ 来说，比 youcompleteme 更好的替代方案是使用 [https://github.com/cquery-project/cquery/ cquery] 并结合 [https://github.com/autozimu/LanguageClient-neovim LanguageClient-neovim]。如果您从 nixpkgs 安装 cquery，它在 nix-shell 中使用时也能找到 C 头文件，因为它使用了一个自定义的 [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/commit/04f3b76dcec21f2fcba6b1b0afbb3ed224165050#diff-11cdfc0385b9e017089c1ac09c5b838e shell 包装器]。"
 
(40 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
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<languages/>
<languages/>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
[https://www.vim.org/ Vim]（vi 增强版）是一个高度可配置的终端模态文本编辑器。    
[https://www.vim.org/ Vim] (vi improved) is a highly configurable modal text editor program for the terminal.
</div>    


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<span id="Installation"></span>
== Installation ==
== 安装 ==
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<span id="Basic_Install"></span>
=== Basic Install ===
=== 基础安装 ===
</div>
<syntaxhighlight lang="nix>
<syntaxhighlight lang="nix>
   programs.vim.enable = true;
   programs.vim.enable = true;
</syntaxhighlight>
</syntaxhighlight>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
或者
or
</div>


<syntaxhighlight lang="nix">
<syntaxhighlight lang="nix">
Line 26: Line 20:
</syntaxhighlight>
</syntaxhighlight>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
或者
or
</div>


<syntaxhighlight lang="nix">
<syntaxhighlight lang="nix">
Line 34: Line 26:
</syntaxhighlight>
</syntaxhighlight>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<span id="Using_Home_Manager"></span>
=== Using Home Manager ===
=== 使用 Home Manager ===
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
使用 [[Special:MyLanguage/Home Manager|Home Manager]] 可以轻松设置 Vim。这是一个简单的例子：
Vim can easily be set up using [[Special:MyLanguage/Home Manager|Home Manager]]. Here's a minimal example:
</div>


<syntaxhighlight lang="nix>
<syntaxhighlight lang="nix>
Line 53: Line 42:
</syntaxhighlight>
</syntaxhighlight>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
有关所有选项，请参阅 [https://github.com/rycee/home-manager/blob/master/modules/programs/vim.nix]。
See [https://github.com/rycee/home-manager/blob/master/modules/programs/vim.nix] for the full set of options.
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<span id="Vim_Spell_Files"></span>
=== Vim Spell Files ===
=== Vim 拼写文件 ===
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
你可以配置 home-manager，通过打包单个拼写文件的方式将拼写文件安装到你的用户目录中。以下是 [[neovim]] 检查法语的示例：
You can configure home-manager to install spelling files into your user directory by packaging individual spell files.  Here' an example for [[neovim]] and French:
</div>


<syntaxHighlight lang="nix">
<syntaxHighlight lang="nix">
Line 95: Line 79:
</syntaxHighlight>
</syntaxHighlight>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<span id="NeoVim_with_Coc_for_Python"></span>
==== NeoVim with Coc for Python ====
==== NeoVim 配置带有 Python 支持的 Coc ====
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
对于 NeoVim，请使用以下 home-manager 配置：
For NeoVim use this home manager config:
https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/98166#issuecomment-725319238
https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/98166#issuecomment-725319238
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<span id="System_wide_vim/nvim_configuration"></span>
== System wide vim/nvim configuration ==
== 系统范围的 vim/nvim 配置 ==
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
如果您想要一个 vim/nvim 的系统范围“基本”配置，这里有两个示例：
If you want a system wide "baseline" configuration for vim/nvim here are two examples:.
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
unstable 分支：
On unstable:
</div>


<syntaxhighlight lang="nix">
<syntaxhighlight lang="nix">
Line 124: Line 100:
     package = (pkgs.vim-full.override {  }).customize{
     package = (pkgs.vim-full.override {  }).customize{
       name = "vim";
       name = "vim";
       <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
       # 安装插件，例如用于 nix 文件的语法高亮
# Install plugins for example for syntax highlighting of nix files
</div>
       vimrcConfig.packages.myplugins = with pkgs.vimPlugins; {
       vimrcConfig.packages.myplugins = with pkgs.vimPlugins; {
         start = [ vim-nix vim-lastplace ];
         start = [ vim-nix vim-lastplace ];
Line 132: Line 106:
       };
       };
       vimrcConfig.customRC = ''
       vimrcConfig.customRC = ''
         <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
         " 你的自定义 vimrc
" your custom vimrc
</div>
         set nocompatible
         set nocompatible
         set backspace=indent,eol,start
         set backspace=indent,eol,start
         <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
         " 默认打开语法高亮
" Turn on syntax highlighting by default
</div>
         syntax on
         syntax on
         " ...
         " ...
Line 156: Line 126:
     configure = {
     configure = {
       customRC = ''
       customRC = ''
         <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
         " 你的自定义 vimrc
" your custom vimrc
</div>
         set nocompatible
         set nocompatible
         set backspace=indent,eol,start
         set backspace=indent,eol,start
Line 172: Line 140:
</syntaxHighlight>
</syntaxHighlight>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
将这些导入到您的 <code>configuration.nix</code> 中并使用
import these in your <code>configuration.nix</code> and
</div>
<syntaxHighlight lang="nix">
<syntaxHighlight lang="nix">
{     
{     
Line 185: Line 151:
</syntaxHighlight>
</syntaxHighlight>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<span id="Custom_setup_without_using_Home_Manager"></span>
== Custom setup without using Home Manager ==
== 不使用 Home Manager 的自定义设置 ==
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{note|要了解如何在 Nix 系统中设置 Vim 的总体概述，请参阅 [https://www.mpscholten.de/nixos/2016/04/11/setting-up-vim-on-nixos.html mpscholten的博客]}}
{{note|To get a general overview about how to set up your vim in nix, refer to [https://www.mpscholten.de/nixos/2016/04/11/setting-up-vim-on-nixos.html mpscholten's blog] }}
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Vim 插件可以通过 nix 安装。您可以不使用 vim 插件管理器，直接在 <code>.nixpkgs/config</code> 中完成所有操作。
Vim plugins can be installed with the help of nix. You can omit using vim plugin managers and do everything in your <code>.nixpkgs/config</code>.
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
在 nix 中对 vim 进行包管理和配置的大部分文档存储在 nixpkgs 的 [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/doc/languages-frameworks/vim.section.md] 中。
A lot of documentation about package management and configuration of vim in nix is stored at [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/applications/editors/vim/plugins/vim-utils.nix] in nixpkgs.
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<span id="Customizations"></span>
=== Customizations ===
=== 自定义 ===
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
vim 和 neovim 都可以进一步配置，以包含您喜欢的插件和其他库。要列出所有可用的 vim 插件，请运行 <code>nix search nixpkgs#vimPlugins</code>。
Both vim and neovim can be further configured to include your favorite plugins and additional libraries. To list all available vim plugins, run <code>nix search nixpkgs#vimPlugins</code>.
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
将以下代码添加到您的<code>~/.nixpkgs/config.nix</code>：
Add the following code to your <code>~/.nixpkgs/config.nix</code>:
</div>


<syntaxhighlight lang="nix">
<syntaxhighlight lang="nix">
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     myVim = vim-full.customize {
     myVim = vim-full.customize {
       name = "vim-with-plugins";
       name = "vim-with-plugins";
       <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
       # 在此处添加示例部分的代码
# add here code from the example section
</div>
     };
     };
     myNeovim = neovim.override {
     myNeovim = neovim.override {
       configure = {
       configure = {
         customRC = ''
         customRC = ''
           <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
           # 您的自定义配置就在这里！
# here your custom configuration goes!
</div>
         '';
         '';
         packages.myVimPackage = with pkgs.vimPlugins; {
         packages.myVimPackage = with pkgs.vimPlugins; {
           <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
           # 请参阅以下示例了解如何使用自定义包
# see examples below how to use custom packages
</div>
           start = [ ];
           start = [ ];
           opt = [ ];
           opt = [ ];
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</syntaxhighlight>
</syntaxhighlight>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
之后，您可以安装特殊移植的 `myVim` 或 `myNeovim` 包。
After that you can install your special grafted `myVim` or `myNeovim` packages.
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<span id="Examples"></span>
=== Examples ===
=== 示例 ===
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<span id="Apply_custom_vimrc_configuration"></span>
==== Apply custom vimrc configuration ====
==== 应用自定义 vimrc 配置 ====
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
注意：您必须使用 <code>vimrcConfig.customRC</code> 而不是手动安装 <code>~/.vimrc</code>，因为自定义 Vim 会默认忽略您主目录中的任何 vimrc 文件。
NB: you ''must'' use <code>vimrcConfig.customRC</code> rather than installing a <code>~/.vimrc</code> by hand, since the customized Vim will silently ignore any vimrc in your home directory.
</div>


<syntaxhighlight lang="nix">
<syntaxhighlight lang="nix">
vim-full.customize {
vim-full.customize {
   name = "vim-with-plugins";
   name = "vim-with-plugins";
   <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
   # 添加自定义的 .vimrc 行，例如：
# add custom .vimrc lines like this:
</div>
   vimrcConfig.customRC = ''
   vimrcConfig.customRC = ''
     set hidden
     set hidden
Line 271: Line 211:
</syntaxhighlight>
</syntaxhighlight>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
如果您需要在添加插件之前运行代码，可以使用 <code>vimrcConfig.beforePlugins</code>（如果您要覆盖 [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/c3df8057dad986bf7f3928de1b5233fadb52bb15/pkgs/misc/vim-plugins/vim-utils.nix#L264-L267 默认值]，请务必包含 <code>set nocompatible</code>）。
If you need to run code before plugins are added, you can use <code>vimrcConfig.beforePlugins</code> (be sure to include <code>set nocompatible</code> if you override [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/c3df8057dad986bf7f3928de1b5233fadb52bb15/pkgs/misc/vim-plugins/vim-utils.nix#L264-L267 the default value]).
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<span id="Using_vim&#039;s_builtin_packaging_capability"></span>
=== Using vim's builtin packaging capability ===
=== 使用 vim 的内置打包功能 ===
</div>


<syntaxhighlight lang="nix">
<syntaxhighlight lang="nix">
vim-full.customize {
vim-full.customize {
   vimrcConfig.packages.myVimPackage = with pkgs.vimPlugins; {
   vimrcConfig.packages.myVimPackage = with pkgs.vimPlugins; {
     <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
     # 启动时加载
# loaded on launch
</div>
     start = [ YouCompleteMe fugitive ];
     start = [ YouCompleteMe fugitive ];
     <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
     # 可通过调用 `:packadd $plugin-name` 手动加载
# manually loadable by calling `:packadd $plugin-name`
</div>
     opt = [ phpCompletion elm-vim ];
     opt = [ phpCompletion elm-vim ];
     <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
     # 要在打开文件类型时自动加载插件，请添加如下 vimrc 行：
# To automatically load a plugin when opening a filetype, add vimrc lines like:
</div>
     # autocmd FileType php :packadd phpCompletion
     # autocmd FileType php :packadd phpCompletion
   }
   }
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</syntaxhighlight>
</syntaxhighlight>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
请注意，使用 opt 动态加载可能存在错误，解决方法是改用 [https://vi.stackexchange.com/a/20818/30821 start]。
Note that dynamically loading with opt may be buggy and the workaround is to use [https://vi.stackexchange.com/a/20818/30821 start instead].
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<span id="Using_Pathogen_as_manager"></span>
=== Using Pathogen as manager ===
=== 使用 Pathogen 作为管理器 ===
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
这 pathogen 的另一实现，原有插件启动速度较慢，而 [VAM] 具有更多功能。
There is a pathogen implementation as well, but its startup is slower and [VAM] has more features.
</div>


<syntaxhighlight lang="nix">
<syntaxhighlight lang="nix">
Line 315: Line 241:
</syntaxhighlight>
</syntaxhighlight>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<span id="Using_Vim-Plug_as_manager"></span>
=== Using Vim-Plug as manager ===
=== 使用 Vim-Plug 作为管理器 ===
</div>


<syntaxhighlight lang="nix">
<syntaxhighlight lang="nix">
Line 323: Line 248:
</syntaxhighlight>
</syntaxhighlight>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<span id="Adding_new_plugins"></span>
=== Adding new plugins ===
=== 添加新插件 ===
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
请参阅 https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/doc/languages-frameworks/vim.section.md。
Please see https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/doc/languages-frameworks/vim.section.md.
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<span id="Notes_Regarding_Plugins"></span>
==== Notes Regarding Plugins ====
==== 关于插件的说明 ====
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
如需更多信息，您可以查看 [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/doc/languages-frameworks/vim.section.md nixpkgs 存储库上的文档]。
For additional info, you may wish to look at [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/doc/languages-frameworks/vim.section.md documentation on the nixpkgs repository].
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<span id="Add_a_new_custom_plugin_to_the_users_packages"></span>
=== Add a new custom plugin to the users packages  ===
=== 向用户包添加一个新的自定义插件 ===
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
有时您不想修改上游插件，为此您可以使用 <code>vimUtils.buildVimPlugin</code> 创建自己的插件：
Sometimes you do not want to change upstream plugins, for this you can use  <code>vimUtils.buildVimPlugin</code> to create your own:
</div>


<syntaxhighlight lang="nix">
<syntaxhighlight lang="nix">
Line 369: Line 285:
</syntaxhighlight>
</syntaxhighlight>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<span id="Using_flake"></span>
==== Using flake ====
==== 使用 Flakes ====
</div>


<code>configuration.nix</code>:
<code>configuration.nix</code>:
Line 422: Line 337:
</syntaxHighlight>
</syntaxHighlight>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
然后我们可以使用 <code>nix flake lock --update-input winresizer-vim</code> 更新软件包，或者使用 <code>nix flake update</code> 更新 flake.nix 中的所有输入。
Then we can update the package with <code>nix flake lock --update-input winresizer-vim</code>, or update all inputs in flake.nix with <code>nix flake update</code>.
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<span id="Vim_as_a_Python_IDE"></span>
=== Vim as a Python IDE ===
=== 将 Vim 用作 Python IDE ===
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
以下代码片段将创建一个功能齐全的 [[python]] IDE。
The following snippet will make a full featured [[python]] IDE.
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<span id="Using_language_client"></span>
==== Using language client ====
==== 使用语言客户端 ====
</div>


<syntaxhighlight lang="nix">
<syntaxhighlight lang="nix">
Line 459: Line 368:
</syntaxhighlight>
</syntaxhighlight>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
然后将以下表达式添加到 `<code>environment.systemPackages</code>` 或 home-manager 包列表中，以安装 python-language-server：
Then put the following expression in <code>environment.systemPackages</code> or in the home-manager package list,
to install python-language-server:
</div>


<syntaxHighlight  lang="nix">
<syntaxHighlight  lang="nix">
(python3.withPackages(ps: [
(python3.withPackages(ps: [
   ps.python-language-server
   ps.python-language-server
   <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
   # 以下插件为可选插件，它们提供类型检查、导入排序和代码格式化功能。
# the following plugins are optional, they provide type checking, import sorting and code formatting
</div>
   ps.pyls-mypy ps.pyls-isort ps.pyls-black
   ps.pyls-mypy ps.pyls-isort ps.pyls-black
]))
]))
</syntaxHighlight>
</syntaxHighlight>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<span id="Real_life_examples"></span>
=== Real life examples ===
=== 真实示例 ===
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
* [https://github.com/jagajaga/my_configs/blob/master/.nispkgs/common.nix Jagajaga 的配置]
* [https://github.com/jagajaga/my_configs/blob/master/.nixpkgs/common.nix Jagajaga’s config]
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
* [https://github.com/andrewrk/dotfiles/blob/master/.nixpkgs/config.nix andrewrk 的配置]
* [https://github.com/andrewrk/dotfiles/blob/master/.nixpkgs/config.nix andrewrk's config]
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
* [https://github.com/wagnerf42/nixos-config/blob/master/config/my_vim.nix wagnerf42 的配置（适用于 Rust 语言）]
* [https://github.com/wagnerf42/nixos-config/blob/master/config/my_vim.nix wagnerf42's config (good for rust language)]
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
=== YouCompleteMe ===
=== YouCompleteMe ===
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
目前 youcompleteme 插件在 Linux 上使用 [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/8e7b1f2ac2e261d5a644fef860a0d050ea227c06/pkgs/misc/vim-plugins/default.nix#L695 unwrapped clang]。这导致它找不到 <code>stdlib.h</code>。您可以在您的 <code>.ycm_extra_conf.py</code> 文件中添加 [https://github.com/andrewrk/genesis/blob/5f49cd9a8c2b61b9859a22102bc3f732add9461a/.ycm_extra_conf.py 使其正常运行的示例]，其工作原理是执行 C/C++ 编译器并使其输出搜索路径列表，其中包括查找 <code>stdlib.h</code> 的搜索路径。
Currently the youcompleteme plugin uses [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/8e7b1f2ac2e261d5a644fef860a0d050ea227c06/pkgs/misc/vim-plugins/default.nix#L695 unwrapped clang on linux]. This causes it to not find <code>stdlib.h</code>. There is a [https://github.com/andrewrk/genesis/blob/5f49cd9a8c2b61b9859a22102bc3f732add9461a/.ycm_extra_conf.py workaround] you can put in your <code>.ycm_extra_conf.py</code> file, which works by executing the C/C++ compiler and getting it to output the list of search paths - which includes the search path to find <code>stdlib.h</code>.
</div>


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对于 C/C++ 来说，比 youcompleteme 更好的替代方案是使用 [https://github.com/cquery-project/cquery/ cquery] 并结合 [https://github.com/autozimu/LanguageClient-neovim LanguageClient-neovim]。如果您从 nixpkgs 安装 cquery，它在 nix-shell 中使用时也能找到 C 头文件，因为它使用了一个自定义的 [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/commit/04f3b76dcec21f2fcba6b1b0afbb3ed224165050#diff-11cdfc0385b9e017089c1ac09c5b838e shell 包装器]。
A better alternative to youcompleteme for C/C++ is to use [https://github.com/cquery-project/cquery/ cquery] in combination with the [https://github.com/autozimu/LanguageClient-neovim LanguageClient-neovim]. It will also find in c header files when used in a nix-shell if you install cquery from nixpkgs as it uses a custom [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/commit/04f3b76dcec21f2fcba6b1b0afbb3ed224165050#diff-11cdfc0385b9e017089c1ac09c5b838e shell wrapper]
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== gvim and gview ==
== gvim 和 gview ==
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您可以启用 <code>guiSupport</code> 来使 <code>gvim</code> 可用，但这不会让您获得 <code>gview</code>：
You can enable <code>guiSupport</code> to make <code>gvim</code> available, though this won't give you <code>gview</code>:
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Retrieved from "https://wiki.nixos.org/wiki/Vim/zh"