NixOS Wiki

DotNET: Difference between revisions

← Older edit
VisualWikitext
imported>Mdarocha
Fixup old link
m Use the correct command name.
 
(29 intermediate revisions by 12 users not shown)
Line 4: Line 4:
Example build file:
Example build file:


<syntaxHighlight lang=nix>
<syntaxhighlight lang="nix" line="1" start="1">
{ fetchFromGitHub
{
, buildDotnetModule
  buildDotnetModule,
  dotnetCorePackages,
}:
}:


buildDotnetModule rec {
buildDotnetModule {
   pname = "some_program";
   pname = "hello";
   version = "some_version";
   version = "0.1";
 
  src = ./.;


   src = fetchFromGitHub {
   projectFile = "Hello/Hello.csproj";
     owner = "some_owner";
  dotnet-sdk = dotnetCorePackages.sdk_8_0;
     repo = pname;
  dotnet-runtime = dotnetCorePackages.runtime_8_0;
     rev = "v${version}";
  nugetDeps = ./deps.json;
     sha256 = "";
}
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
If the <code>fetch-deps</code> script isn't working for whatever reason, you can manually run <code>nuget-to-json</code>:
<syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session">
$ dotnet restore --packages=packageDir ./SomeProject.csproj
$ nuget-to-json packageDir > deps.json
$ rm -r packageDir
</syntaxhighlight>
 
Remember to build and run the <code>fetch-deps</code> script after NuGet packages are updated, or building the derivation will fail.
 
== Building non-.NET Core packages ==
 
Keep in mind that building projects which don't use the .NET SDK (formerly the .NET Core SDK) and its <code>dotnet</code> CLI tool isn't supported.
For those projects, you'll have to heavily customise the <code>buildDotnetModule</code> build steps, or write a custom derivation.
 
Projects which target .NET Standard or .NET Framework (incl. Mono), but still use the new project structure and SDK, work as expected.
Just remember to add `mono` to `buildInputs` and generate a wrapper script in `postInstall`.
 
== Packaging ASP.NET projects ==
 
Currently building ASP.NET project as Nix package produces a website that does not work correctly out of the box because the executable can not find <code>wwwroot</code>, so all the static assets won't load with 404.
 
<blockquote>
Request finished HTTP/2 GET https://my.app/css/site.css - 404 0
</blockquote>
 
The situation can be fixed by setting <code>WEBROOT</code> environment variable to the package path.
 
An example of systemd + ASP.NET 8 service:
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="nix">
# myapp package needs to be imported; and added to `environment.systemPackages`
# the variable myapp is used below
 
systemd.services.my-app = {
  enable = true;
  description = "Runs my.app";
  wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
  after = [ "network-online.target" ];
  wants = [ "network-online.target" ];
  serviceConfig = {
    # allow binding to privileged ports - when you want to expose Kestrel directly without reverse proxy
    AmbientCapabilities = "CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE";
    User = "myapp"; # must be created using users.users.myapp = { isSystemUser = true; group = "myapp"; };
     Group = "myapp"; # must be created using users.groups.myapp = {};
     Restart = "always";
     ExecStart = "${myapp}/bin/myapp";
    StateDirectory = "myapp";
    StateDirectoryMode = "0750";
    WorkingDirectory = "/var/lib/myapp";
     # EnvironmentFile = "/var/lib/myapp/env";
   };
   };
  environment = {
    WEBROOT = "${myapp}/lib/myapp/wwwroot"; # IMPORTANT, required to pick up static assets


  projectFile = "SomeProject/SomeProject.csproj"
    DOTNET_ENVIRONMENT = "Production";


  meta = with lib; {
    # the following are examples
     homepage = "some_homepage";
    ConnectionStrings__DefaultConnection = "Host=/var/run/postgresql;Database=myapp";
     description = "some_description";
 
     license = licenses.mit;
    # Kestrel + HTTPS; must setup https://wiki.nixos.org/wiki/ACME
  };
     Kestrel__Endpoints__Https__Url = "https://my.app";
}
     Kestrel__Endpoints__Https__Certificate__Path = "/var/lib/acme/my.app/cert.pem";
     Kestrel__Endpoints__Https__Certificate__KeyPath = "/var/lib/acme/my.app/key.pem";


</syntaxHighlight>
    Logging__LogLevel__Default = "Information";
    Logging__LogLevel__Microsoft__AspNetCore = "Warning"; # this does not actually work, not sure how to fix


Note that the above package will not build the first time. After adding the above definition to `all-packages.nix`, you
    Authentication__Google__ClientId = "xxxyyyzzz.apps.googleusercontent.com";
can run the package-specific `fetch-deps` script, which will generate a file containing all the nuget dependencies of the
    Authentication__Microsoft__ClientId = "aaaaaa-0000-aaaa-0000-aaaaaaaaaa";
package. Build the script with <code>nix-build -A some-package.fetch-deps</code>, copy that generated file (the location will be printed by the script) and set the <code>nugetDeps</cude> attribute in <code>buildDotnetModule</code> to point to that generated file (ie. <code>nugetDeps = ./deps.nix</code>).
    # secrets must be placed in /var/lib/myapp/appsettings.json


After that the package will build normally. Remember to re-run <code>fetch-deps</code> every time the package is updated.
    # TODO email


== Building non-.NET Core packages ==
    # TODO Stripe
    Stripe__Currency = "USD";
  };
};
 
</syntaxhighlight>


Keep in mind that building non-.NET Core projects (ie. projects that don't build using the <code>dotnet</code> CLI tool) is not well supported. For those projects, you have to work on a custom derivation or override the <code>buildDotnetModule</code> build steps.
See also: setting up SSL certificates using [[ACME]]


== .NET location: Not found ==
== .NET location: Not found ==


If running a .NET-build executable you get the above error, make sure the DOTNET_ROOT environment variable is set:
If running a .NET-build executable you get the above error, make sure the DOTNET_ROOT environment variable is set:
<syntaxHighlight lang=nix>
<syntaxhighlight lang="nix">
environment.sessionVariables = {
environment.sessionVariables = {
   DOTNET_ROOT = "${pkgs.dotnet-sdk}";
   DOTNET_ROOT = "${pkgs.dotnet-sdk}/share/dotnet/";
};
};
</syntaxHighlight>
</syntaxhighlight>


See : https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/core/tools/dotnet-environment-variables#net-sdk-and-cli-environment-variables
See : https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/core/tools/dotnet-environment-variables#net-sdk-and-cli-environment-variables
Line 61: Line 126:


Wontfix: The project will build only on Windows.
Wontfix: The project will build only on Windows.
== Unable to find package ==
<blockquote>
error NU1101: Unable to find package runtime.any.System.Collections. No packages exist with this id in source(s): nugetSource
</blockquote>
Unsure what specific situations cause this, probably has something to do with .NET Standard libraries.
The workaround is modifying the bits that generate nuget-deps.nix:
<syntaxhighlight lang="sh">
dotnet restore --packages=packageDir --use-current-runtime ./SomeProject.csproj
nuget-to-nix packageDir >deps.nix
rm -r packageDir
</syntaxhighlight>
The new parameter <code>--use-current-runtime</code> requires .NET SDK 8+. I believe what it does is explicitly adding packages missing in this runtime vs .NET Standard to packageDir.
If this still does not work, it might indicate a good time to update target frameworks and dependencies.


== NativeAOT ==
== NativeAOT ==
Line 105: Line 192:
== Global Tools ==
== Global Tools ==


There is currently no mechanism to install them globally, and regular (mutable) installation [https://github.com/dotnet/sdk/issues/30546 does not work].
Local installation of .NET global tools is fully supported and preferred when possible - more info [https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/core/tools/global-tools#install-a-local-tool in the Microsoft docs].
 
For globally installing .NET tools, search if they are available as Nix packages - they are packaged as any other normal
.NET binary, using <code>buildDotnetModule</code>. For .NET tools with no source available, or those hard to build from source, <code>buildDotnetGlobalTool</code> is available. See [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/doc/languages-frameworks/dotnet.section.md#dotnet-global-tools-dotnet-global-tools dotnet nixpkgs manual] for more info.
 
Note that Nix-packaged .NET tools use a special wrapper (toggled by <code>useDotnetFromEnv</code> option in <code>buildDotnetModule</code>) that automatically picks up .NET install from the user environment. If you want to use a
different SDK version with a Nix-packaged .NET tools than the default, make sure the <code>dotnet</code> CLI of your wanted SDK version is installed and available.
 
 
== Example: Running Rider with dotnet & PowerShell ==
Rider has better compatibility when run in FHS mode
 
Rider package<syntaxhighlight lang="nix">
pkgs.jetbrains.rider
</syntaxhighlight>rider-fhs.nix<syntaxhighlight lang="nix">
{ pkgs ? import <nixpkgs> {} }:


[https://github.com/WhiteBlackGoose/dotfiles/blob/3f7d1b508f75ea87b8f36f3e2be0e2db1f4241c1/envs/dotnet-tool.nix Here] is a proof of concept of how .NET tools could be used declaratively.
(pkgs.buildFHSEnv {
  name = "rider-env";
  targetPkgs = pkgs: (with pkgs; [
    dotnetCorePackages.dotnet_8.sdk
    dotnetCorePackages.dotnet_8.aspnetcore
    powershell
  ]);
  multiPkgs = pkgs: (with pkgs; [
  ]);
  runScript = "nohup rider &";
}).env
</syntaxhighlight><syntaxhighlight lang="nix">
nix-shell ./rider-fhs.nix
</syntaxhighlight>This can be added as an alias to your shell if you update the reference to an absolute address, such as location within your home directory. <syntaxhighlight>
run-rider = "nix-shell ~/nix/rider-fhs.nix";
</syntaxhighlight>


Here's an example of using that package:
== Example: multi-SDK installation with local workload installation enabled ==


<syntaxHighlight lang=nix>
By default, workload installation will fail on NixOS, as dotnet will attempt to save it to $DOTNET_ROOT, which is inside the read-only Nix store.
packages =                                                       
  let dotnetPkg =                                               
    (with dotnetCorePackages; combinePackages [                 
      sdk_7_0                                                   
      sdk_6_0                                                   
    ]);                                                         
    dotnetTools = (callPackage ./dotnet-tool.nix {});    # dotnet-tool.nix is the file from the link above
  in [                                                           
    vim                                                         
    firefox                                                     
    dotnetPkg                                                   
    dotnetTools.combineTools dotnetPkg (with dotnetTools.tools; [
                          #  ^^^^^^^^^ here we specify the dotnet package
                          # that will be invoked for this tool
                          # Ideally, something like dotnetPkg.withTools
                          # should be there


      fsautocomplete                                      # these are tools from dotnetTools.tools;       
Please visit the [https://discourse.nixos.org/t/dotnet-maui-workload/20370/10 forum] for an example of a multi-SDK installation with workload changed to install to home directory.
      csharp-ls                                          # if a package is missing, it can be declared
      dotnet-repl                                        # manually, see the sources of dotnet-tools.nix
    ])                                                           
  ];                                                             
</syntaxHighlight>


== See also ==
== See also ==


* [https://ryantm.github.io/nixpkgs/languages-frameworks/dotnet/ dotnet in the nixpkgs manual]
* [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/doc/languages-frameworks/dotnet.section.md NixOS GitHub dotnet docs]
* [https://nixos.org/manual/nixpkgs/unstable/#dotnet dotnet in the nixpkgs manual]
* [https://github.com/search?q=repo%3ANixOS%2Fnixpkgs%20buildDotnetModule&type=code buildDotnetModule references in nixpkgs]
* [https://github.com/search?q=repo%3ANixOS%2Fnixpkgs%20buildDotnetModule&type=code buildDotnetModule references in nixpkgs]
* [https://www.reddit.com/r/NixOS_dotnet NixOS.NET community on Reddit]
* [https://discord.gg/pTpq7Qfs NixOS.NET community on Discord]
* [https://sgt.hootr.club/molten-matter/dotnet-on-nix/ The journey of packaging a .NET app on Nix]
* [https://sgt.hootr.club/molten-matter/dotnet-on-nix/ The journey of packaging a .NET app on Nix]
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.NET_Framework - The old, windows-only version of .NET. Newer versions (ie. .NET Core) are multiplatform.
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.NET_Framework - The old, windows-only version of .NET. Newer versions (ie. .NET Core) are multiplatform.
** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mono_(software) is the deprecated open source implementation of the DotNET compiler and runtime. It has transformed into .NET Core.
** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mono_(software) is the open source reimplementation of .NET Framework. Its runtime/JIT has been merged into .NET Core, and now it only receives bugfixes.
* https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/core/introduction
* https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/core/introduction
** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_CLI_languages: C#, [[Fsharp|F#]], Visual Basic, ...


[[Category: Development]]
 
[[Category:Languages]]
Retrieved from "https://wiki.nixos.org/wiki/DotNET"