Vim/ru: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 20:25, 22 August 2024

[www.vim.org Vim] (vi improved) - свободный текстовый редактор, созданный на основе более старого vi. Ныне это мощный текстовый редактор с полной свободой настройки и автоматизации, возможными благодаря расширениям и надстройкам.

Установка

Начальная Установка

На unstable ветке:

  programs.vim.enable = true;

или

  programs.vim = {
    enable = true;
    package = pkgs.vim_configurable;
  };

На 24.05 или старше:

  environment.systemPackages = with pkgs; [ vim ];

или

  environment.systemPackages = with pkgs; [ vim_configurable ];

Используя Home-Manager

Vim can easily be set up using Home Manager. Here's a minimal example:

  programs.vim = {
    enable = true;
    plugins = with pkgs.vimPlugins; [ vim-airline ];
    settings = { ignorecase = true; };
    extraConfig = ''
      set mouse=a
    '';
  };

See [1] for the full set of options.

Файлы Правописания Vim

Вы можете настроить на установку файлов правописания в каталог пользователя через home-manager, упаковывая отдельные файлы правописания. Вот пример для neovim и французского языка:

let
nvim-spell-fr-utf8-dictionary = builtins.fetchurl {
  url = "http://ftp.vim.org/vim/runtime/spell/fr.utf-8.spl";
  sha256 = "abfb9702b98d887c175ace58f1ab39733dc08d03b674d914f56344ef86e63b61";
};

nvim-spell-fr-utf8-suggestions = builtins.fetchurl {
  url = "http://ftp.vim.org/vim/runtime/spell/fr.utf-8.sug";
  sha256 = "0294bc32b42c90bbb286a89e23ca3773b7ef50eff1ab523b1513d6a25c6b3f58";
};

nvim-spell-fr-latin1-dictionary = builtins.fetchurl {
  url = "http://ftp.vim.org/vim/runtime/spell/fr.latin1.spl";
  sha256 = "086ccda0891594c93eab143aa83ffbbd25d013c1b82866bbb48bb1cb788cc2ff";
};

nvim-spell-fr-latin1-suggestions = builtins.fetchurl {
  url = "http://ftp.vim.org/vim/runtime/spell/fr.latin1.sug";
  sha256 = "5cb2c97901b9ca81bf765532099c0329e2223c139baa764058822debd2e0d22a";
};
in
{
  xdg.configFile."nvim/spell/fr.utf-8.spl".source = nvim-spell-fr-utf8-dictionary;
  xdg.configFile."nvim/spell/fr.utf-8.sug".source = nvim-spell-fr-utf8-suggestions;
  xdg.configFile."nvim/spell/fr.latin1.spl".source = nvim-spell-fr-latin1-dictionary;
  xdg.configFile."nvim/spell/fr.latin1.sug".source = nvim-spell-fr-latin1-suggestions;
}

NeoVim с Coc.nvim для Python

For NeoVim use this home manager config: https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/98166#issuecomment-725319238

Глобальная настройка vim/nvim

If you want a system wide "baseline" configuration for vim/nvim here are two examples:.

On unstable ветке:

{ pkgs, ... }:
{
  programs.vim = {
    enable = true;
    defaultEditor = true;
    package = (pkgs.vim_configurable.override {  }).customize{
      name = "vim";
      <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
# Install plugins for example for syntax highlighting of nix files
</div>
      vimrcConfig.packages.myplugins = with pkgs.vimPlugins; {
        start = [ vim-nix vim-lastplace ];
        opt = [];
      };
      vimrcConfig.customRC = ''
        <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
" your custom vimrc
</div>
        set nocompatible
        set backspace=indent,eol,start
        " Включить подсветку синтаксиса по умолчанию
        syntax on
        " ...
      '';
    };
  };
}

На 24.05 или старше:

{ pkgs, ... }:
{
  environment.variables = { EDITOR = "vim";
  environment.systemPackages = with pkgs; [
    ((vim_configurable.override {  }).customize{
      name = "vim";
      <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
# Install plugins for example for syntax highlighting of nix files
</div>
      vimrcConfig.packages.myplugins = with pkgs.vimPlugins; {
        start = [ vim-nix vim-lastplace ];
        opt = [];
      };
      vimrcConfig.customRC = ''
        <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
" your custom vimrc
</div>
        set nocompatible
        set backspace=indent,eol,start
        <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
" Turn on syntax highlighting by default
</div>
        syntax on
        " ...
      '';
    }
  )];
}

{ pkgs, ... }:
{
  programs.neovim = {
    enable = true;
    defaultEditor = true;
    vimAlias = true;
    configure = {
      customRC = ''
        <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
" your custom vimrc
</div>
        set nocompatible
        set backspace=indent,eol,start
        " ...
      '';
      packages.myPlugins = with pkgs.vimPlugins; {
        start = [ vim-lastplace vim-nix ]; 
        opt = [];
      };
    };
  };
}

import these in your configuration.nix and

{    
  imports =    
    [
      ./vim.nix
    ];
  # ...
}

Пользовательская настройка без использования Home Manager

Note: To get a general overview about how to set up your vim in nix, refer to mpscholten's blog

Плагины Vim могут быть установлены с помощью Nix. Вы можете не использовать менеджеры плагинов и сделать все самостоятельно в .nixpkgs/config.

A lot of documentation about package management and configuration of vim in nix is stored at [2] in nixpkgs.

Customizations

И в vim, и в neovim можно дополнительно включенить ваши любимые плагины и дополнительные библиотеки. Чтобы получить список всех доступных плагинов vim, выполните команду nix search nixpkgs#vimPlugins.

Добавьте следующий код в ваш ~/.nixpkgs/config.nix

{
  packageOverrides = pkgs: with pkgs; {
    myVim = vim_configurable.customize {
      name = "vim-with-plugins";
      # добавьте сюда код из секции с примером
    };
    myNeovim = neovim.override {
      configure = {
        customRC = ''
          # здесь должна находится ваша пользовательская конфигурация!
        '';
        packages.myVimPackage = with pkgs.vimPlugins; {
          # смотрите примеры ниже чтобы узнать как использовать пользовательские пакеты
          start = [ ];
          opt = [ ];
        }; 
      };     
    };
  };
}

After that you can install your special grafted `myVim` or `myNeovim` packages.

Примеры

Apply custom vimrc configuration

NB: you must use vimrcConfig.customRC rather than installing a ~/.vimrc by hand, since the customized Vim will silently ignore any vimrc in your home directory.

vim_configurable.customize {
  name = "vim-with-plugins";
  <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
# add custom .vimrc lines like this:
</div>
  vimrcConfig.customRC = ''
    set hidden
    set colorcolumn=80 
  '';
}

If you need to run code before plugins are added, you can use vimrcConfig.beforePlugins (be sure to include set nocompatible if you override the default value).

Using vim's builtin packaging capability

vim_configurable.customize {
  vimrcConfig.packages.myVimPackage = with pkgs.vimPlugins; {
    <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
# loaded on launch
</div>
    start = [ YouCompleteMe fugitive ];
    <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
# manually loadable by calling `:packadd $plugin-name`
</div>
    opt = [ phpCompletion elm-vim ];
    <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
# To automatically load a plugin when opening a filetype, add vimrc lines like:
</div>
    # autocmd FileType php :packadd phpCompletion
  }
};

Note that dynamically loading with opt may be buggy and the workaround is to use start instead.

Использование Pathogen в качестве менеджера плагинов

There is a pathogen implementation as well, but its startup is slower and [VAM] has more features.

vimrcConfig.pathogen.knownPlugins = vimPlugins; # optional
vimrcConfig.pathogen.pluginNames = [ "vim-addon-nix" "youcompleteme" ];

Использование Vim-plug в качестве менеджера плагинов

vimrcConfig.plug.plugins = with pkgs.vimPlugins; [vim-addon-nix youcompleteme];

Добавление новых плагинов

As per the instructions found in https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/doc/languages-frameworks/vim.section.md

Сначала выполните ./update.py.

Commit the changes with the commit message "vimPlugins: Update".

Add your plugin to ./vim-plugin-names (please try to maintain the list alphabetically sorted). You can customize the branch by appending for example @main to an entry (search the file for examples)

Run ./update.py once again to generate the plugin's nix expression.

Commit your changes one more time, this time with the message formated as such: "vimPlugins.[plugin-name]: init at [version]".

If you need to add additional code/patches to the generated code, add those lines to pkgs/misc/vim-plugins/vim2nix/additional-nix-code and rerun ./update.py. They will be included in the generated code.

Плагины заслуживающие внимания

For additional info, you may wish to look at documentation on the nixpkgs repository.

Добавьте новый пользовательский плагин в пользовательские пакеты

Sometimes you do not want to change upstream plugins, for this you can use vimUtils.buildVimPlugin to create your own:

let
  vim-better-whitespace = pkgs.vimUtils.buildVimPlugin {
    name = "vim-better-whitespace";
    src = pkgs.fetchFromGitHub {
      owner = "ntpeters";
      repo = "vim-better-whitespace";
      rev = "984c8da518799a6bfb8214e1acdcfd10f5f1eed7";
      sha256 = "10l01a8xaivz6n01x6hzfx7gd0igd0wcf9ril0sllqzbq7yx2bbk";
    };
  };
in {
  users.users.<yourNickname>.packages = [
    (pkgs.vim_configurable.customize {
      vimrcConfig.packages.myVimPackage = with pkgs.vimPlugins; {
        start = [ vim-better-whitespace ];
      };
    })
  ];
};

Используя Flake

configuration.nix:

{ inputs, ... }:
{
  nixpkgs = {
    overlays = [
      (self: super:
        let
          winresizer-vim = super.vimUtils.buildVimPlugin {
            name = "winresizer-vim";
            src = inputs.winresizer-vim;
          };
        in
        {
          vimPlugins =
            super.vimPlugins // {
              inherit winresizer-vim;
            };
        }
      )
    ];
  };

flake.nix:

{
  inputs = {
    nixpkgs.url = "github:nixos/nixpkgs/nixos-22.05";
    winresizer-vim = {
      url = "github:simeji/winresizer";
      flake = false;
    };
  };

  outputs = inputs@{ nixpkgs, ... }: {
    nixosConfigurations.nixos = nixpkgs.lib.nixosSystem {
      system = "x86_64-linux";
      specialArgs = { inherit inputs; };
      modules = [
        ./configuration.nix
        ./hardware-configuration.nix
        { nix.registry.nixpkgs.flake = nixpkgs; }
      ];
    };
  };
}

Then we can update the package with nix flake lock --update-input winresizer-vim, or update all inputs in flake.nix with nix flake update.

Vim в качестве Python IDE

Следующий фрагмент создаст полнофункциональную IDE для python.

Using language client

vim_configurable.customize {
  vimrcConfig = {
    customRC = ''
      let g:LanguageClient_serverCommands = {
        \ 'python': ['pyls']
        \ }
       nnoremap <F5> :call LanguageClient_contextMenu()<CR>
       nnoremap <silent> gh :call LanguageClient_textDocument_hover()<CR>
       nnoremap <silent> gd :call LanguageClient_textDocument_definition()<CR>
       nnoremap <silent> gr :call LanguageClient_textDocument_references()<CR>
       nnoremap <silent> gs :call LanguageClient_textDocument_documentSymbol()<CR>
       nnoremap <silent> <F2> :call LanguageClient_textDocument_rename()<CR>
       nnoremap <silent> gf :call LanguageClient_textDocument_formatting()<CR>
    '';
    packages.myVimPackage = with pkgs.vimPlugins; {
      start = [ LanguageClient-neovim ];
    }
};

Then put the following expression in environment.systemPackages or in the home-manager package list, to install python-language-server:

(python3.withPackages(ps: [
  ps.python-language-server
  <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
# the following plugins are optional, they provide type checking, import sorting and code formatting
</div>
  ps.pyls-mypy ps.pyls-isort ps.pyls-black
]))

Примеры из реальной жизни

Jagajaga’s config

andrewrk's config

wagnerf42's config (good for rust language)

YouCompleteMe

Currently the youcompleteme plugin uses unwrapped clang on linux. This causes it to not find stdlib.h. There is a workaround you can put in your .ycm_extra_conf.py file, which works by executing the C/C++ compiler and getting it to output the list of search paths - which includes the search path to find stdlib.h.

A better alternative to youcompleteme for C/C++ is to use cquery in combination with the LanguageClient-neovim. It will also find in c header files when used in a nix-shell if you install cquery from nixpkgs as it uses a custom shell wrapper

Поддержка Python 3 для Vim

If you have defined your vim configuration in a `./my_vim.nix` file you can install vim with the python 3 support instead of python2 by overriding the python version like the following:

(pkgs.callPackage ./my_vim.nix {                                                                                                                                                          
      vim_configurable = vim_configurable.override { python = python3; };                                                                                                                     
})

Gvim и Gview

gvim and gview may be installed using the vimHugeX attribute name (package name vim_configurable).

$ nix-env -iA nixos.vimHugeX

If you are using vim_configurable.customize, you can enable wrapGui to make gvim available, though this won't give you gview:

vim_configured = pkgs.vim_configurable.customize {
  name = "vim";
  wrapGui = true;
};