Nix package manager
This discussion article is to cover the usage, internals and configuration of the Nix package manager.
Sandbox builds
When sandbox builds are enabled,
Nix will setup an isolated environment for each build process.
It is used to remove further hidden dependencies set by the build environment to improve reproducibility.
This includes access to the network during the build outside of fetch*
functions and files outside the Nix store.
Depending on the operating system access to other resources are blocked as well (ex. inter process communication is isolated on Linux);
see build-use-sandbox in nix manual for details.
Sandboxes are not enabled by default in Nix as there are cases where it makes building packages harder (for example npm install
will not work due missing network access).
In pull requests for nixpkgs people are asked to test builds with sandboxing enabled (see Tested using sandboxing
in the pull request template) because in official hydra builds sandboxing is also used.
Depending if you use NixOS or other platforms you can use one of the following methods to enable sandboxing.
Enable sandbox builds in NixOS
In configuration.nix
put
nix.useSandbox = true;
Enable sandbox builds on Non-NixOS platforms
In /etc/nix/nix.conf
put
build-use-sandbox = true
Enable sandbox builds for a single build
Commands like nix-build
or nix-shell
accept an option flag for single builds.
Suppose you want test a new package called hello
, you have added to nixpkgs:
nix-shell -I nixpkgs=/path/to/nixpkgs --option build-use-sandbox true -p hello
Nix on Linux
Install Nix for a single user
To install Nix from any Linux distribution, use the following two commands (assumes you have the permission to use sudo and you are logged in as the user you want to install Nix for).
sudo install -d -m755 -o $USER -g $USER /nix
curl https://nixos.org/nix/install | sh
After that being done, you can use all Nix commands as a normal user without any special permissions (for example by using sudo
)
Common Errors
Bad configuration option: gssapikexalgorithms
Found when using an SSH binary from Nix on typically RPM-based distros like CentOS, Fedora, Scientific Linux, Redhat, etc. The quick fix: Just comment out the configuration option in the ssh config file, you probably don't need it.