Nix ecosystem/fr: Difference between revisions

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L''''Écosystème cœur de Nix''' est un éventail de technologies créées pour construire de manière reproductible et configurer/gérer de manière déclarative des paquets et systèmes ainsi que leurs dépendances. Ceci est rendu possible via un transfert du paradigme fonctionnel des programmes au domaine système grâce à un langage dédié (DSL) dynamique et fonctionnel à évaluation paresseuse appelé [[Overview of the Nix Language|langage Nix]] qui permet la génération d'artefacts reproductibles.

L''''Écosystème cœur de Nix''' est un éventail de technologies créées pour construire de manière reproductible et configurer/gérer de manière déclarative des paquets et systèmes ainsi que leurs dépendances. Ceci est rendu possible via un transfert du paradigme fonctionnel des programmes au domaine système grâce à un langage dédié (DSL) dynamique et fonctionnel à évaluation paresseuse appelé [[Overview of the Nix Language|langage Nix]] qui permet la génération d'artefacts reproductibles.

</div>

Il existe également de nombreuses autres [[applications]] ('''''Écosystème Nix étendu)''''' développées par la communauté Nix, utilisant et supportant ces technologies centrales.

Il existe également de nombreuses autres [[applications]] ('''''Écosystème Nix étendu)''''' développées par la communauté Nix, utilisant et supportant ces technologies centrales.

</div>

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{| class="wikitable"

|+ <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">{| class="wikitable"

|+ Composants au cœur de l'écosystème Nix

|-

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| Un gestionnaire de paquets qui analyse les expressions Nix décrivant la construction d'artefacts reproductibles, plaçant le résultat dans un emplacement de l'espace de stockage avec un hachage de l'arborescence des dépendances, évitant ainsi l'enfer des dépendances et permettant l'installation de plusieurs versions d'un même programme ainsi que les restaurations.

| Construction d'artefacts reproductibles et gestion des paquets Linux & Darwin

| LGPL-2.1

|}</span>

|-

! <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Component</span>

! <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Manual</span>

! <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Description</span>

! <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Use</span>

! <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">License</span>

|-

| [[Special:MyLanguage/NixOS|NixOS]]

| <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[https://nixos.org/nixos/manual/ NixOS Manual]</span>

| <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A Linux distribution with ''all'' components built by Nix, and thus supporting reproducible and declarative system-wide configuration management as well as atomic upgrades and rollbacks.</span>

| <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Declaratively configure desktops, servers & clusters</span>

| MIT

|-

| [[Special:MyLanguage/Nixpkgs|Nixpkgs]]

| <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[https://nixos.org/nixpkgs/manual/ Nixpkgs Manual]</span>

| <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The largest community maintained Nix package and NixOS module repository; standard releases of NixOS are hosted here.</span>

| <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Share Nix packages & NixOS modules</span>

| MIT

|-

| [[Special:MyLanguage/Hydra|Hydra]]

| <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[https://nixos.org/hydra/manual/ Hydra Manual]</span>

| <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A Nix based continuous build system.</span>

| <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">CI build farms</span>

| GPL-3.0

|-

| [[Special:MyLanguage/Nix|Nix]]

| <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[https://nixos.org/nix/manual/ Nix Manual]</span>

| <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A package manager that parses Nix expressions specifying reproducible build, putting the result in a store address with a hash of the dependency tree, sidestepping dependency hell and supporting multiversion installs and rollbacks.</span>

| <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Reproducible builds & package management in Linux & Darwin</span>

| LGPL-2.1

|}

~~<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">~~

{| style="max-width: 36rem; margin: auto;"

|+ <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">{| style="max-width: 36rem; margin: auto;"

|+'''Pile de l'écosystème au cœur de NixOS'''

|style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid #ddd; background: #fafafa; padding: 1.6rem" width="2%"|

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Un système de construction d'artefact pur et fonctionnel

|}</span>

| style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base); background: var(--background-color-neutral); padding: 1.6rem" width="2%"|

<div style="font-size: 1.3em; font-weight: bold">NixOS</div>

<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A Linux distribution and configuration system built using Nixpkgs.</span>

|-

| style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base); background: var(--background-color-neutral); padding: 1.6rem" width="2%"|

<div style="font-size: 1.3em; font-weight: bold">Nixpkgs</div>

<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A large, community-maintained repository of packages.</span>

| style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base); background: var(--background-color-neutral); padding: 1.6rem" width="2%"|

<div style="font-size: 1.3em; font-weight: bold">Hydra</div>

<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A continuous build system built on Nix.</span>

|-

| style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base); background: var(--background-color-neutral); padding: 1.6rem" width="2%" colspan="2"|

<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A pure and functional build system.</span>

|}

~~</div>~~

== Utilisation de NixOS ==

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</div>

Users install the ''NixOS'' distribution on their computers just as any other Linux distribution. They read about packages to install and configuration options in ''Nixpkgs'' via https://search.nixos.org and this wiki. They use the ''Nix'' language to declaratively describe in a text file what software packages should be installed and how the system should be configured. They run 2 command line programs in a terminal to transform the system into the described system. They use the system as any other Linux system.

</div>

== Développement de NixOS ==

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Developers of ''NixOS'' mainly work on ''Nixpkgs''. ''NixOS'' development itself is compromised of three large areas as well as some others which are smaller by volume (but no less important). The major ones include packaging, the module system, and documentation.

</div>

* Packaging is done in ''Nixpkgs'' and is not exclusive to ''NixOS'' or even Linux-based platforms. Maintainers of packages which are not exclusive to ''NixOS'' (such as tooling required to run the distribution itself) usually take care of multiple platforms although not strictly required.

</div>

* The module system is the way in which services running on ''NixOS'' are primarily configured. This area stretches from "low-level" configuration such as ''systemd'' unit files or providing custom kernel configuration up to configuration file generation for specific services. The module system is the primary way for users to configure ''NixOS'', and lives in the <code>nixos/</code> subdirector of ''Nixpkgs''.

</div>

* Documentation is largely embedded in packaging and module system data, although free-standing markdown files are also contained in the ''Nixpkgs'' repository. Documentation also includes maintaining the website, Wiki, and other aspects of the wider ecosystem. The first two categories are almost exclusively ''Nix'' language code written in text files, while the latter is a mix of ''Nix'' code, markdown files, and various other formats.

</div>

All contributions to ''Nixpkgs'', regardless of whether they affect ''NixOS'' or not, are subject to peer review before being integrated into ''Nixpkgs''. Many packages alongside documentation and supplementary materials such as ISOs or tarballs are pre built on ''Hydra'' to reduce the update time for ''NixOS'' users.

</div>

Those three categories are largest by contribution volume, however many maintainers also engage in activities surrounding the NixOS foundation, maintaining the infrastructure on which website, ''Hydra'', and other tools run on, or developing tooling required for NixOS.

</div>

{| class="wikitable"

|+ Various examples of ''NixOS'' development along with links.

|+ <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Various examples of ''NixOS'' development along with links.</span>

! Type of development !! Location of Development !! Examples

! <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Type of development</span> !! <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Location of Development</span> !! <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Examples</span>

|-

| Platform Agnostic Packaging || ''Nixpkgs'' || [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/bf3287dac860542719fe7554e21e686108716879/pkgs/tools/misc/coreutils/default.nix coreutils package], [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/tree/5fe6820251dfab92c84ff356a7c7c336f8d8490c/pkgs/stdenv ''stdenv'' framework], [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/5fe6820251dfab92c84ff356a7c7c336f8d8490c/pkgs/applications/office/libreoffice/default.nix Libreoffice package]

| <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Platform Agnostic Packaging</span> || ''Nixpkgs'' || <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/bf3287dac860542719fe7554e21e686108716879/pkgs/tools/misc/coreutils/default.nix coreutils package], [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/tree/5fe6820251dfab92c84ff356a7c7c336f8d8490c/pkgs/stdenv ''stdenv'' framework], [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/5fe6820251dfab92c84ff356a7c7c336f8d8490c/pkgs/applications/office/libreoffice/default.nix Libreoffice package]</span>

|-

| Platform Agnostic Tooling || ''Nixpkgs'' and various repositories || [https://github.com/NixOS/nix upstream/default Nix implementation (CppNix)], [https://github.com/NixOS/hydra ''Hydra'' source code], [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs-merge-bot ''Nixpkgs'' merge bot]

| <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Platform Agnostic Tooling</span> || <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">''Nixpkgs'' and various repositories</span> || <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[https://github.com/NixOS/nix upstream/default Nix implementation (CppNix)], [https://github.com/NixOS/hydra ''Hydra'' source code], [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs-merge-bot ''Nixpkgs'' merge bot]</span>

|-

| ''NixOS'' Tooling || mostly ''Nixpkgs'' || [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/tree/5fe6820251dfab92c84ff356a7c7c336f8d8490c/pkgs/by-name/ni/nixos-rebuild-ng nixos-rebuild-ng source code], [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/5fe6820251dfab92c84ff356a7c7c336f8d8490c/nixos/modules/installer/cd-dvd/installation-cd-minimal.nix ''NixOS'' Installation ISOs]

| <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">''NixOS'' Tooling</span> || <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">mostly ''Nixpkgs''</span> || <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/tree/5fe6820251dfab92c84ff356a7c7c336f8d8490c/pkgs/by-name/ni/nixos-rebuild-ng nixos-rebuild-ng source code], [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/5fe6820251dfab92c84ff356a7c7c336f8d8490c/nixos/modules/installer/cd-dvd/installation-cd-minimal.nix ''NixOS'' Installation ISOs]</span>

|-

| ''NixOS'' Module System || ''Nixpkgs'' || [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/nixos/modules/services/display-managers/default.nix Display Manager configuration], [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/nixos/modules/services/databases/mysql.nix MySQL (and derivative) database configuration]

| <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">''NixOS'' Module System</span> || ''Nixpkgs'' || <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/nixos/modules/services/display-managers/default.nix Display Manager configuration], [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/nixos/modules/services/databases/mysql.nix MySQL (and derivative) database configuration]</span>

|-

| Infrastructure || || [https://github.com/NixOS/nixos-wiki-infra Infrastructure for this Wiki], [https://github.com/NixOS/infra ''NixOS'' infra]

| <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Infrastructure</span> || || <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[https://github.com/NixOS/nixos-wiki-infra Infrastructure for this Wiki], [https://github.com/NixOS/infra ''NixOS'' infra]</span>

|-

| Documentation || || [https://wiki.nixos.org This Wiki], [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/8d92119c540d78599ba208010c722a60958810f4/doc/stdenv/stdenv.chapter.md ''stdenv'' documentation], [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/nixos/doc/manual/configuration/ipv6-config.section.md ''NixOS'' IPv6 configuration] (visible in the [https://nixos.org/manual/nixos/stable/#sec-ipv6 IPv6 section of the ''NixOS'' manual]), [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md ''Nixpkgs'' Contribution Guidelines]

| <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Documentation</span> || || <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[https://wiki.nixos.org This Wiki], [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/8d92119c540d78599ba208010c722a60958810f4/doc/stdenv/stdenv.chapter.md ''stdenv'' documentation], [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/nixos/doc/manual/configuration/ipv6-config.section.md ''NixOS'' IPv6 configuration] (visible in the [https://nixos.org/manual/nixos/stable/#sec-ipv6 IPv6 section of the ''NixOS'' manual]), [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md ''Nixpkgs'' Contribution Guidelines]</span>

|-

| Tech Organisation || || [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/390768 ''NixOS'' RelEng], [https://github.com/NixOS/rfcs/ ''Nix'' and ''NixOS'' RFCs]

| <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech Organisation</span> || || <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/390768 ''NixOS'' RelEng], [https://github.com/NixOS/rfcs/ ''Nix'' and ''NixOS'' RFCs]</span>

|-

| Other || || [https://github.com/NixOS/nixos-artwork ''NixOS'' artwork], [https://discourse.nixos.org/ ''NixOS'' (and related) discourse], [https://github.com/NixOS/foundation ''NixOS Foundation'']

| <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Other</span> || || <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[https://github.com/NixOS/nixos-artwork ''NixOS'' artwork], [https://discourse.nixos.org/ ''NixOS'' (and related) discourse], [https://github.com/NixOS/foundation ''NixOS Foundation'']</span>

|}

~~</div>~~

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 <languages/>
-L''''Écosystème cœur de Nix''' est un éventail de technologies créées pour construire de manière reproductible et configurer/gérer de manière déclarative des paquets et systèmes ainsi que leurs dépendances. Ceci est rendu possible via un transfert du paradigme fonctionnel des programmes au domaine système grâce à un langage dédié (DSL) dynamique et fonctionnel à évaluation paresseuse appelé [[Overview of the Nix Language|langage Nix]] qui permet la génération d'artefacts reproductibles.
+<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
+L''''Écosystème cœur de Nix''' est un éventail de technologies créées pour construire de manière reproductible et configurer/gérer de manière déclarative des paquets et systèmes ainsi que leurs dépendances. Ceci est rendu possible via un transfert du paradigme fonctionnel des programmes au domaine système grâce à un langage dédié (DSL) dynamique et fonctionnel à évaluation paresseuse appelé [[Overview of the Nix Language|langage Nix]] qui permet la génération d'artefacts reproductibles.
+</div>
-Il existe également de nombreuses autres [[applications]] ('''''Écosystème Nix étendu)''''' développées par la communauté Nix, utilisant et supportant ces technologies centrales.
+<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
+Il existe également de nombreuses autres [[applications]] ('''''Écosystème Nix étendu)''''' développées par la communauté Nix, utilisant et supportant ces technologies centrales.
+</div>
 <span id="Official_ecosystem"></span>
@@ Line 8: / Line 12: @@
 {| class="wikitable"
+|+ <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">{| class="wikitable"
 |+ Composants au cœur de l'écosystème Nix
 |-
@@ Line 38: / Line 43: @@
 | Un gestionnaire de paquets qui analyse les expressions Nix décrivant la construction d'artefacts reproductibles, plaçant le résultat dans un emplacement de l'espace de stockage avec un hachage de l'arborescence des dépendances, évitant ainsi l'enfer des dépendances et permettant l'installation de plusieurs versions d'un même programme ainsi que les restaurations.
 | Construction d'artefacts reproductibles et gestion des paquets Linux & Darwin
+| LGPL-2.1
+|}</span>
+|-
+! <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Component</span>
+! <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Manual</span>
+! <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Description</span>
+! <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Use</span>
+! <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">License</span>
+|-
+| [[Special:MyLanguage/NixOS|NixOS]]
+| <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[https://nixos.org/nixos/manual/ NixOS Manual]</span>
+| <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A Linux distribution with ''all'' components built by Nix, and thus supporting reproducible and declarative system-wide configuration management as well as atomic upgrades and rollbacks.</span>
+| <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Declaratively configure desktops, servers & clusters</span>
+| MIT
+|-
+| [[Special:MyLanguage/Nixpkgs|Nixpkgs]]
+| <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[https://nixos.org/nixpkgs/manual/ Nixpkgs Manual]</span>
+| <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The largest community maintained Nix package and NixOS module repository; standard releases of NixOS are hosted here.</span>
+| <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Share Nix packages & NixOS modules</span>
+| MIT
+|-
+| [[Special:MyLanguage/Hydra|Hydra]]
+| <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[https://nixos.org/hydra/manual/ Hydra Manual]</span>
+| <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A Nix based continuous build system.</span>
+| <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">CI build farms</span>
+| GPL-3.0
+|-
+| [[Special:MyLanguage/Nix|Nix]]
+| <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[https://nixos.org/nix/manual/ Nix Manual]</span>
+| <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A package manager that parses Nix expressions specifying reproducible build, putting the result in a store address with a hash of the dependency tree, sidestepping dependency hell and supporting multiversion installs and rollbacks.</span>
+| <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Reproducible builds & package management in Linux & Darwin</span>
 | LGPL-2.1
 |}
-<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
 {| style="max-width: 36rem; margin: auto;"
+|+ <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">{| style="max-width: 36rem; margin: auto;"
 |+'''Pile de l'écosystème au cœur de NixOS'''
 |style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid #ddd; background: #fafafa; padding: 1.6rem" width="2%"|
@@ Line 59: / Line 96: @@
 <div style="font-size: 1.3em; font-weight: bold">Nix</div>
 Un système de construction d'artefact pur et fonctionnel
+|}</span>
+| style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base); background: var(--background-color-neutral); padding: 1.6rem" width="2%"|
+<div style="font-size: 1.3em; font-weight: bold">NixOS</div>
+<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A Linux distribution and configuration system built using Nixpkgs.</span>
+|-
+| style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base); background: var(--background-color-neutral); padding: 1.6rem" width="2%"|
+<div style="font-size: 1.3em; font-weight: bold">Nixpkgs</div>
+<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A large, community-maintained repository of packages.</span>
+| style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base); background: var(--background-color-neutral); padding: 1.6rem" width="2%"|
+<div style="font-size: 1.3em; font-weight: bold">Hydra</div>
+<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A continuous build system built on Nix.</span>
+|-
+| style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base); background: var(--background-color-neutral); padding: 1.6rem" width="2%" colspan="2"|
+<div style="font-size: 1.3em; font-weight: bold">Nix</div>
+<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A pure and functional build system.</span>
 |}
-</div>
+<span id="Usage_of_NixOS"></span>
 <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
 == Utilisation de NixOS ==
@@ Line 67: / Line 119: @@
 </div>
+<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+Users install the ''NixOS'' distribution on their computers just as any other Linux distribution. They read about packages to install and configuration options in ''Nixpkgs'' via https://search.nixos.org and this wiki. They use the ''Nix'' language to declaratively describe in a text file what software packages should be installed and how the system should be configured. They run 2 command line programs in a terminal to transform the system into the described system. They use the system as any other Linux system.
+</div>
+<span id="Development_of_NixOS"></span>
 <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
 == Développement de NixOS ==
@@ Line 73: / Line 130: @@
 <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+Developers of ''NixOS'' mainly work on ''Nixpkgs''. ''NixOS'' development itself is compromised of three large areas as well as some others which are smaller by volume (but no less important). The major ones include packaging, the module system, and documentation.
+</div>
+<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+* Packaging is done in ''Nixpkgs'' and is not exclusive to ''NixOS'' or even Linux-based platforms. Maintainers of packages which are not exclusive to ''NixOS'' (such as tooling required to run the distribution itself) usually take care of multiple platforms although not strictly required.
+</div>
+<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+* The module system is the way in which services running on ''NixOS'' are primarily configured. This area stretches from "low-level" configuration such as ''systemd'' unit files or providing custom kernel configuration up to configuration file generation for specific services. The module system is the primary way for users to configure ''NixOS'', and lives in the <code>nixos/</code> subdirector of ''Nixpkgs''.
+</div>
+<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+* Documentation is largely embedded in packaging and module system data, although free-standing markdown files are also contained in the ''Nixpkgs'' repository. Documentation also includes maintaining the website, Wiki, and other aspects of the wider ecosystem. The first two categories are almost exclusively ''Nix'' language code written in text files, while the latter is a mix of ''Nix'' code, markdown files, and various other formats.
+</div>
+<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+All contributions to ''Nixpkgs'', regardless of whether they affect ''NixOS'' or not, are subject to peer review before being integrated into ''Nixpkgs''. Many packages alongside documentation and supplementary materials such as ISOs or tarballs are pre built on ''Hydra'' to reduce the update time for ''NixOS'' users.
+</div>
+<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+Those three categories are largest by contribution volume, however many maintainers also engage in activities surrounding the NixOS foundation, maintaining the infrastructure on which website, ''Hydra'', and other tools run on, or developing tooling required for NixOS.
+</div>
 {| class="wikitable"
-|+ Various examples of ''NixOS'' development along with links.
+|+ <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Various examples of ''NixOS'' development along with links.</span>
-! Type of development !! Location of Development !! Examples
+! <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Type of development</span> !! <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Location of Development</span> !! <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Examples</span>
 |-
-| Platform Agnostic Packaging || ''Nixpkgs'' || [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/bf3287dac860542719fe7554e21e686108716879/pkgs/tools/misc/coreutils/default.nix coreutils package], [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/tree/5fe6820251dfab92c84ff356a7c7c336f8d8490c/pkgs/stdenv ''stdenv'' framework], [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/5fe6820251dfab92c84ff356a7c7c336f8d8490c/pkgs/applications/office/libreoffice/default.nix Libreoffice package]
+| <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Platform Agnostic Packaging</span> || ''Nixpkgs'' || <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/bf3287dac860542719fe7554e21e686108716879/pkgs/tools/misc/coreutils/default.nix coreutils package], [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/tree/5fe6820251dfab92c84ff356a7c7c336f8d8490c/pkgs/stdenv ''stdenv'' framework], [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/5fe6820251dfab92c84ff356a7c7c336f8d8490c/pkgs/applications/office/libreoffice/default.nix Libreoffice package]</span>
 |-
-| Platform Agnostic Tooling || ''Nixpkgs'' and various repositories || [https://github.com/NixOS/nix upstream/default Nix implementation (CppNix)], [https://github.com/NixOS/hydra ''Hydra'' source code], [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs-merge-bot ''Nixpkgs'' merge bot]
+| <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Platform Agnostic Tooling</span> || <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">''Nixpkgs'' and various repositories</span> || <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[https://github.com/NixOS/nix upstream/default Nix implementation (CppNix)], [https://github.com/NixOS/hydra ''Hydra'' source code], [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs-merge-bot ''Nixpkgs'' merge bot]</span>
 |-
-| ''NixOS'' Tooling || mostly ''Nixpkgs'' || [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/tree/5fe6820251dfab92c84ff356a7c7c336f8d8490c/pkgs/by-name/ni/nixos-rebuild-ng nixos-rebuild-ng source code], [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/5fe6820251dfab92c84ff356a7c7c336f8d8490c/nixos/modules/installer/cd-dvd/installation-cd-minimal.nix ''NixOS'' Installation ISOs]
+| <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">''NixOS'' Tooling</span> || <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">mostly ''Nixpkgs''</span> || <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/tree/5fe6820251dfab92c84ff356a7c7c336f8d8490c/pkgs/by-name/ni/nixos-rebuild-ng nixos-rebuild-ng source code], [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/5fe6820251dfab92c84ff356a7c7c336f8d8490c/nixos/modules/installer/cd-dvd/installation-cd-minimal.nix ''NixOS'' Installation ISOs]</span>
 |-
-| ''NixOS'' Module System || ''Nixpkgs'' || [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/nixos/modules/services/display-managers/default.nix Display Manager configuration], [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/nixos/modules/services/databases/mysql.nix MySQL (and derivative) database configuration]
+| <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">''NixOS'' Module System</span> || ''Nixpkgs'' || <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/nixos/modules/services/display-managers/default.nix Display Manager configuration], [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/nixos/modules/services/databases/mysql.nix MySQL (and derivative) database configuration]</span>
 |-
-| Infrastructure || || [https://github.com/NixOS/nixos-wiki-infra Infrastructure for this Wiki], [https://github.com/NixOS/infra ''NixOS'' infra]
+| <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Infrastructure</span> || || <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[https://github.com/NixOS/nixos-wiki-infra Infrastructure for this Wiki], [https://github.com/NixOS/infra ''NixOS'' infra]</span>
 |-
-| Documentation || || [https://wiki.nixos.org This Wiki], [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/8d92119c540d78599ba208010c722a60958810f4/doc/stdenv/stdenv.chapter.md ''stdenv'' documentation], [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/nixos/doc/manual/configuration/ipv6-config.section.md ''NixOS'' IPv6 configuration] (visible in the [https://nixos.org/manual/nixos/stable/#sec-ipv6 IPv6 section of the ''NixOS'' manual]), [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md ''Nixpkgs'' Contribution Guidelines]
+| <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Documentation</span> || || <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[https://wiki.nixos.org This Wiki], [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/8d92119c540d78599ba208010c722a60958810f4/doc/stdenv/stdenv.chapter.md ''stdenv'' documentation], [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/nixos/doc/manual/configuration/ipv6-config.section.md ''NixOS'' IPv6 configuration] (visible in the [https://nixos.org/manual/nixos/stable/#sec-ipv6 IPv6 section of the ''NixOS'' manual]), [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md ''Nixpkgs'' Contribution Guidelines]</span>
 |-
-| Tech Organisation || || [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/390768 ''NixOS'' RelEng], [https://github.com/NixOS/rfcs/ ''Nix'' and ''NixOS'' RFCs]
+| <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech Organisation</span> || || <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/390768 ''NixOS'' RelEng], [https://github.com/NixOS/rfcs/ ''Nix'' and ''NixOS'' RFCs]</span>
 |-
-| Other || || [https://github.com/NixOS/nixos-artwork ''NixOS'' artwork], [https://discourse.nixos.org/ ''NixOS'' (and related) discourse], [https://github.com/NixOS/foundation ''NixOS Foundation'']
+| <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Other</span> || || <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[https://github.com/NixOS/nixos-artwork ''NixOS'' artwork], [https://discourse.nixos.org/ ''NixOS'' (and related) discourse], [https://github.com/NixOS/foundation ''NixOS Foundation'']</span>
 |}
-</div>
 <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">