NixOS as a desktop/ru

NixOS может быть использована для разных целей. Если вы желаете использовать её как основную десктопную ОС для повседневного использования ( на реальном железе или виртуальной машине), то эта страница для вас. Даже если вы планируете использовать NixOS в облаке или на специально настроенных серверах, вы, возможно, хотите начать с уроков, изложенных здесь, чтобы ближе познакомиться с экосистемой Nix.

Установка

Метод Wiki

Если вы предпочитаете чтение, для начала посмотрите инструкцию по установке. Если же видео, пролистайте ниже до секции "Видео инструкции". Учитывайте, что для десктопной установки, вам потребуется как минимум 30 GiB места на диске, чтобы вместить рабочее окружение (например GNOME, KDE, или XFCE), браузеры (например Firefox), и другие графические утилиты (такие как VSCode), что вполне разумно для повседневного использования. Для минимальной установки, вероятно, хватит и 15 Gib.

Видео инструкции

For a visual guide, see Wil T Nix Guides. The second video is a concise installation guide. This 8-part series, produced in early 2021, also covers all the basics of using NixOS as a desktop and configuring it to your liking.

Обслуживание своей конфигурации

It is possible to manage your entire configuration using the methods documented in the NixOS official manual. However, most community members who use NixOS on the desktop prefer to manage their user configurations (e.g. "dotfiles") using Home Manager (citation needed). Home Manager is a user oriented tool for declaring what you want installed and how you want it configured, and thus would be used in lieu of most settings you would otherwise put into a configuration.nix or through nix-env

Видео инструкции

Wil T's guides are about an even mix of:

1. Hands-on bootstrapping to get to being able to very capably manage your system using Home Manager, git versioning, and eventually Flakes.
2. Conceptual overviews and general exposition of the Nix ecosystem, community, and available resources.

The second video, starting from about 27 minutes in, is also an introduction to and guide to setting up Home Manager.

Модульная конфигурация

С помощью модулей NixOS

configuration.nix is an instance of a NixOS module, which makes it easy to break your configuration into several files. Modules can:

• Import other modules
• Declare new options
• Provide values for options (this is what most of your default configuration.nix does)
• Reference option values from other modules (via the config attribute passed to all modules)

As long as you declare options for any values you want to share between modules, you can divide your configuration however you like into files that get imported, directly or transitively, by your root configuration.nix file. You can also import modules from remote sources, using functions like builtins.fetchTarball. See the wiki page or the NixOS manual for more information.

С помощью Flakes

If you want a more composable^{[citation needed]} NixOS configuration setup, the still-experimental Flakes feature is causing a lot of excitement in the community. Managing flakes requires a good basic understanding and some existing hands on experience with the Nix ecosystem.

Video guide

Videos seven and eight of Wil T's original 8-part series are a good overview of what Flakes enable and how to get started with them.

Beyond initial setup

After you are familiar with the Nix ecosystem and have a functional desktop install of NixOS, you will likely be interested in customizations and more detailed setup.

Learn by example

If you are comfortable managing your system through a git repo using flakes, then there are many repositories you can learn from now!

Check out Comparison of NixOS setups for a table comparing some popular choices.

See Configuration Collection for a long list within the wiki.

Additionally, the following topic searches on Github should uncover many useful examples.

• nix-flake
• nixos-configuration
• nixos-dotfiles