Nix ecosystem/fr: Difference between revisions
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L''''Écosystème cœur de Nix''' est un éventail de technologies créées pour construire de manière reproductible et configurer/gérer de manière déclarative des paquets et systèmes ainsi que leurs dépendances. Ceci est rendu possible via un transfert du paradigme fonctionnel des programmes au domaine système grâce à un langage dédié (DSL) dynamique et fonctionnel à évaluation paresseuse appelé [[Overview of the Nix Language|langage Nix]] qui permet la génération d'artefacts reproductibles. | <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> | ||
L''''Écosystème cœur de Nix''' est un éventail de technologies créées pour construire de manière reproductible et configurer/gérer de manière déclarative des paquets et systèmes ainsi que leurs dépendances. Ceci est rendu possible via un transfert du paradigme fonctionnel des programmes au domaine système grâce à un langage dédié (DSL) dynamique et fonctionnel à évaluation paresseuse appelé [[Overview of the Nix Language|langage Nix]] qui permet la génération d'artefacts reproductibles. | |||
</div> | |||
Il existe également de nombreuses autres [[applications]] ('''''Écosystème Nix étendu)''''' développées par la communauté Nix, utilisant et supportant ces technologies centrales. | <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> | ||
Il existe également de nombreuses autres [[applications]] ('''''Écosystème Nix étendu)''''' développées par la communauté Nix, utilisant et supportant ces technologies centrales. | |||
</div> | |||
<span id="Official_ecosystem"></span> | <span id="Official_ecosystem"></span> | ||
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{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+ <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ Composants au cœur de l'écosystème Nix | |+ Composants au cœur de l'écosystème Nix | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| Un gestionnaire de paquets qui analyse les expressions Nix décrivant la construction d'artefacts reproductibles, plaçant le résultat dans un emplacement de l'espace de stockage avec un hachage de l'arborescence des dépendances, évitant ainsi l'enfer des dépendances et permettant l'installation de plusieurs versions d'un même programme ainsi que les restaurations. | | Un gestionnaire de paquets qui analyse les expressions Nix décrivant la construction d'artefacts reproductibles, plaçant le résultat dans un emplacement de l'espace de stockage avec un hachage de l'arborescence des dépendances, évitant ainsi l'enfer des dépendances et permettant l'installation de plusieurs versions d'un même programme ainsi que les restaurations. | ||
| Construction d'artefacts reproductibles et gestion des paquets Linux & Darwin | | Construction d'artefacts reproductibles et gestion des paquets Linux & Darwin | ||
| LGPL-2.1 | |||
|}</span> | |||
|- | |||
! <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Component</span> | |||
! <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Manual</span> | |||
! <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Description</span> | |||
! <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Use</span> | |||
! <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">License</span> | |||
|- | |||
| [[Special:MyLanguage/NixOS|NixOS]] | |||
| <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[https://nixos.org/nixos/manual/ NixOS Manual]</span> | |||
| <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A Linux distribution with ''all'' components built by Nix, and thus supporting reproducible and declarative system-wide configuration management as well as atomic upgrades and rollbacks.</span> | |||
| <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Declaratively configure desktops, servers & clusters</span> | |||
| MIT | |||
|- | |||
| [[Special:MyLanguage/Nixpkgs|Nixpkgs]] | |||
| <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[https://nixos.org/nixpkgs/manual/ Nixpkgs Manual]</span> | |||
| <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The largest community maintained Nix package and NixOS module repository; standard releases of NixOS are hosted here.</span> | |||
| <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Share Nix packages & NixOS modules</span> | |||
| MIT | |||
|- | |||
| [[Special:MyLanguage/Hydra|Hydra]] | |||
| <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[https://nixos.org/hydra/manual/ Hydra Manual]</span> | |||
| <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A Nix based continuous build system.</span> | |||
| <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">CI build farms</span> | |||
| GPL-3.0 | |||
|- | |||
| [[Special:MyLanguage/Nix|Nix]] | |||
| <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[https://nixos.org/nix/manual/ Nix Manual]</span> | |||
| <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A package manager that parses Nix expressions specifying reproducible build, putting the result in a store address with a hash of the dependency tree, sidestepping dependency hell and supporting multiversion installs and rollbacks.</span> | |||
| <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Reproducible builds & package management in Linux & Darwin</span> | |||
| LGPL-2.1 | | LGPL-2.1 | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| style="max-width: 36rem; margin: auto;" | {| style="max-width: 36rem; margin: auto;" | ||
|+ <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">{| style="max-width: 36rem; margin: auto;" | |||
|+'''Pile de l'écosystème au cœur de NixOS''' | |+'''Pile de l'écosystème au cœur de NixOS''' | ||
|style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid #ddd; background: #fafafa; padding: 1.6rem" width="2%"| | |style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid #ddd; background: #fafafa; padding: 1.6rem" width="2%"| | ||
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<div style="font-size: 1.3em; font-weight: bold">Nix</div> | <div style="font-size: 1.3em; font-weight: bold">Nix</div> | ||
Un système de construction d'artefact pur et fonctionnel | Un système de construction d'artefact pur et fonctionnel | ||
|}</span> | |||
| style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base); background: var(--background-color-neutral); padding: 1.6rem" width="2%"| | |||
<div style="font-size: 1.3em; font-weight: bold">NixOS</div> | |||
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A Linux distribution and configuration system built using Nixpkgs.</span> | |||
|- | |||
| style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base); background: var(--background-color-neutral); padding: 1.6rem" width="2%"| | |||
<div style="font-size: 1.3em; font-weight: bold">Nixpkgs</div> | |||
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A large, community-maintained repository of packages.</span> | |||
| style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base); background: var(--background-color-neutral); padding: 1.6rem" width="2%"| | |||
<div style="font-size: 1.3em; font-weight: bold">Hydra</div> | |||
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A continuous build system built on Nix.</span> | |||
|- | |||
| style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base); background: var(--background-color-neutral); padding: 1.6rem" width="2%" colspan="2"| | |||
<div style="font-size: 1.3em; font-weight: bold">Nix</div> | |||
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A pure and functional build system.</span> | |||
|} | |} | ||
<span id="Usage_of_NixOS"></span> | |||
<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> | <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> | ||
== Utilisation de NixOS == | == Utilisation de NixOS == | ||
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</div> | </div> | ||
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | |||
Users install the ''NixOS'' distribution on their computers just as any other Linux distribution. They read about packages to install and configuration options in ''Nixpkgs'' via https://search.nixos.org and this wiki. They use the ''Nix'' language to declaratively describe in a text file what software packages should be installed and how the system should be configured. They run 2 command line programs in a terminal to transform the system into the described system. They use the system as any other Linux system. | |||
</div> | |||
<span id="Development_of_NixOS"></span> | |||
<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> | <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> | ||
== Développement de NixOS == | == Développement de NixOS == | ||
Les développeurs de ''NixOS'' travaillent principalement dans ''Nixpkgs'' en décrivant dans des fichiers textes écrits en langage ''Nix'' comment les logiciels doivent être construits. Après une revue par les pairs des changements, ils sont intégrés dans ''Nixpkgs''. Certains de ces paquets sont pré-construits par ''Hydra'' afin de réduire le temps d'installation pour les utilisateurs de ''NixOS''. | Les développeurs de ''NixOS'' travaillent principalement dans ''Nixpkgs'' en décrivant dans des fichiers textes écrits en langage ''Nix'' comment les logiciels doivent être construits. Après une revue par les pairs des changements, ils sont intégrés dans ''Nixpkgs''. Certains de ces paquets sont pré-construits par ''Hydra'' afin de réduire le temps d'installation pour les utilisateurs de ''NixOS''. | ||
</div> | |||
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | |||
Developers of ''NixOS'' mainly work on ''Nixpkgs''. ''NixOS'' development itself is compromised of three large areas as well as some others which are smaller by volume (but no less important). The major ones include packaging, the module system, and documentation. | |||
</div> | </div> | ||
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</div> | </div> | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+ Various examples of ''NixOS'' development along with links. | |+ <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Various examples of ''NixOS'' development along with links.</span> | ||
! Type of development !! Location of Development !! Examples | ! <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Type of development</span> !! <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Location of Development</span> !! <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Examples</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Platform Agnostic Packaging || ''Nixpkgs'' || [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/bf3287dac860542719fe7554e21e686108716879/pkgs/tools/misc/coreutils/default.nix coreutils package], [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/tree/5fe6820251dfab92c84ff356a7c7c336f8d8490c/pkgs/stdenv ''stdenv'' framework], [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/5fe6820251dfab92c84ff356a7c7c336f8d8490c/pkgs/applications/office/libreoffice/default.nix Libreoffice package] | | <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Platform Agnostic Packaging</span> || ''Nixpkgs'' || <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/bf3287dac860542719fe7554e21e686108716879/pkgs/tools/misc/coreutils/default.nix coreutils package], [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/tree/5fe6820251dfab92c84ff356a7c7c336f8d8490c/pkgs/stdenv ''stdenv'' framework], [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/5fe6820251dfab92c84ff356a7c7c336f8d8490c/pkgs/applications/office/libreoffice/default.nix Libreoffice package]</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Platform Agnostic Tooling || ''Nixpkgs'' and various repositories || [https://github.com/NixOS/nix upstream/default Nix implementation (CppNix)], [https://github.com/NixOS/hydra ''Hydra'' source code], [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs-merge-bot ''Nixpkgs'' merge bot] | | <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Platform Agnostic Tooling</span> || <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">''Nixpkgs'' and various repositories</span> || <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[https://github.com/NixOS/nix upstream/default Nix implementation (CppNix)], [https://github.com/NixOS/hydra ''Hydra'' source code], [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs-merge-bot ''Nixpkgs'' merge bot]</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''NixOS'' Tooling || mostly ''Nixpkgs'' || [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/tree/5fe6820251dfab92c84ff356a7c7c336f8d8490c/pkgs/by-name/ni/nixos-rebuild-ng nixos-rebuild-ng source code], [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/5fe6820251dfab92c84ff356a7c7c336f8d8490c/nixos/modules/installer/cd-dvd/installation-cd-minimal.nix ''NixOS'' Installation ISOs] | | <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">''NixOS'' Tooling</span> || <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">mostly ''Nixpkgs''</span> || <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/tree/5fe6820251dfab92c84ff356a7c7c336f8d8490c/pkgs/by-name/ni/nixos-rebuild-ng nixos-rebuild-ng source code], [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/5fe6820251dfab92c84ff356a7c7c336f8d8490c/nixos/modules/installer/cd-dvd/installation-cd-minimal.nix ''NixOS'' Installation ISOs]</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''NixOS'' Module System || ''Nixpkgs'' || [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/nixos/modules/services/display-managers/default.nix Display Manager configuration], [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/nixos/modules/services/databases/mysql.nix MySQL (and derivative) database configuration] | | <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">''NixOS'' Module System</span> || ''Nixpkgs'' || <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/nixos/modules/services/display-managers/default.nix Display Manager configuration], [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/nixos/modules/services/databases/mysql.nix MySQL (and derivative) database configuration]</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Infrastructure || || [https://github.com/NixOS/nixos-wiki-infra Infrastructure for this Wiki], [https://github.com/NixOS/infra ''NixOS'' infra] | | <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Infrastructure</span> || || <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[https://github.com/NixOS/nixos-wiki-infra Infrastructure for this Wiki], [https://github.com/NixOS/infra ''NixOS'' infra]</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Documentation || || [https://wiki.nixos.org This Wiki], [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/8d92119c540d78599ba208010c722a60958810f4/doc/stdenv/stdenv.chapter.md ''stdenv'' documentation], [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/nixos/doc/manual/configuration/ipv6-config.section.md ''NixOS'' IPv6 configuration] (visible in the [https://nixos.org/manual/nixos/stable/#sec-ipv6 IPv6 section of the ''NixOS'' manual]), [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md ''Nixpkgs'' Contribution Guidelines] | | <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Documentation</span> || || <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[https://wiki.nixos.org This Wiki], [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/8d92119c540d78599ba208010c722a60958810f4/doc/stdenv/stdenv.chapter.md ''stdenv'' documentation], [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/nixos/doc/manual/configuration/ipv6-config.section.md ''NixOS'' IPv6 configuration] (visible in the [https://nixos.org/manual/nixos/stable/#sec-ipv6 IPv6 section of the ''NixOS'' manual]), [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md ''Nixpkgs'' Contribution Guidelines]</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Tech Organisation || || [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/390768 ''NixOS'' RelEng], [https://github.com/NixOS/rfcs/ ''Nix'' and ''NixOS'' RFCs] | | <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech Organisation</span> || || <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/390768 ''NixOS'' RelEng], [https://github.com/NixOS/rfcs/ ''Nix'' and ''NixOS'' RFCs]</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Other || || [https://github.com/NixOS/nixos-artwork ''NixOS'' artwork], [https://discourse.nixos.org/ ''NixOS'' (and related) discourse], [https://github.com/NixOS/foundation ''NixOS Foundation''] | | <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Other</span> || || <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[https://github.com/NixOS/nixos-artwork ''NixOS'' artwork], [https://discourse.nixos.org/ ''NixOS'' (and related) discourse], [https://github.com/NixOS/foundation ''NixOS Foundation'']</span> | ||
|} | |} | ||
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