Nixエコシステム
Nixエコシステムの中核をなすものは再現可能なビルドと宣言的な設定、依存関係を含むパッケージやシステムの宣言的な管理ができるように設計された技術の集合です。これはプログラムにおける関数型のパラダイムをシステム領域に応用することで実現でき、そのために再現可能なビルドのために設計された動的型付けで非正格な関数型のDSL、Nix言語を採用しています。
さらに、多くのapplications(拡張Nixエコシステム)がNixのコミュニティによって開発されており、これらの核となる技術を使用し、サポートしています。
公式エコシステム
| Component | Manual | Description | Use | License |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NixOS | NixOS Manual | A Linux distribution with all components built by Nix, and thus supporting reproducible and declarative system-wide configuration management as well as atomic upgrades and rollbacks. | Declaratively configure desktops, servers & clusters | MIT |
| Nixpkgs | Nixpkgs Manual | The largest community maintained Nix package and NixOS module repository; standard releases of NixOS are hosted here. | Share Nix packages & NixOS modules | MIT |
| Hydra | Hydra Manual | A Nix based continuous build system. | CI build farms | GPL-3.0 |
| Nix | Nix Manual | A package manager that parses Nix expressions specifying reproducible build, putting the result in a store address with a hash of the dependency tree, sidestepping dependency hell and supporting multiversion installs and rollbacks. | Reproducible builds & package management in Linux & Darwin | LGPL-2.1 |
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NixOS
A Linux distribution and configuration system built using Nixpkgs |
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Nixpkgs
A large, community-maintained repository of packages |
Hydra
A continuous build system built on Nix |
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Nix
A pure and functional build system | |
Usage of NixOS
Users install the NixOS distribution on their computers just as any other Linux distribution. They read about packages to install and configuration options in Nixpgs via https://search.nixos.org and this wiki. They use the Nix language to declaratively describe in a text file what software packages should be installed and how the system should be configured. They run 2 command line programs in a terminal to transform the system into the described system. They use the system as any other Linux system.
Development of NixOS
Developers of NixOS mainly work on Nixpkgs to describe in text files in Nix language how software packages should be build. After peer review these changes are integrated in Nixpkgs. Some of these packages are pre built on Hydra to reduce the update time for NixOS users.