Nix (command)

Introduction to Nix

Fundamental concepts

• Nix (language)
• Nix (package manager)
• Nix store

Tools and applications

• Nix (command)
• NixOS

⤧︎

Disambiguation: This article is about the new nix command. Not to be confused with the Nix ecosystem, the Nix language or the Nix package manager.

This article is about the new nix command and all of its subcommands. The new nix command is intended to unify many different Nix package manager utilities that exist currently as many separate commands, eg. nix-build, nix-shell, etc.

See the Nix manual for a complete reference.

Enabling the nix command

In nix 2.4 the nix command must be enabled explicitly set. You can do this in a few different ways.

For an individual invocation, eg.

nix --experimental-features nix-command build ...

Or by setting a user-specific configuration,

# ~/.config/nix/nix.conf
experimental-features = nix-command

in ~/.config/nix/nix.conf.

On NixOS you can't edit /etc/nix/nix.conf directly, but you can enable this feature by editing /etc/nixos/configuration.nix:

# 
{ pkgs, ... }: {
  …
  nix.settings.experimental-features = [ "nix-command" ];
  …
}

and then run sudo nixos-rebuild switch as always.

Switching between nix-env and nix profile

⚠︎

Warning: Be careful when testing. Once you have used nix profile you can no longer use nix-env without first deleting /nix/var/nix/profiles/per-user/$USER/profile

Once you installed a package with nix profile, you get the following error message when using nix-env:

$ nix-env -f '<nixpkgs>' -iA 'hello'
error: --- Error ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- nix-env
profile '/nix/var/nix/profiles/per-user/joerg/profile' is incompatible with 'nix-env'; please use 'nix profile' instead

To migrate back to nix-env you can delete your current profile:

⚠︎

Warning: This will delete packages that have been installed before, so you may want to back this information before running the command.

$ rm -rf /nix/var/nix/profiles/per-user/$USER/profile

New equivalents to old commands

# create a store derivation for a package defined in the current directory's default.nix
old$ nix-instantiate -A somepackage
# assumes you are now using flakes
new$ nix eval .#somepackage.drvPath
# alternative option
new$ nix derivation show .#somepackage | jq '.[keys[0]]' | nix derivation add