Nix (package manager)/en: Difference between revisions
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{{Navbox Nix}} | |||
{{Disambiguation|message=This article is about the Nix package manager. Not to be confused with the [[Nix ecosystem]], the [[Nix (language)|Nix language]] or the [[Nix (command)|Nix command]].}} | |||
Nix is a package manager and build system that parses reproducible build instructions specified in the [[Nix Expression Language]], a pure functional language with lazy evaluation. Nix expressions are pure functions<ref>Values cannot change during computation. Functions always produce the same output if their input does not change. </ref>taking dependencies as arguments and producing a ''[[Derivations|derivation]]'' specifying a reproducible build environment for the package. Nix stores the results of the build in unique addresses specified by a hash of the complete dependency tree, creating an immutable package store (aka the [[#Nix store|nix store]]) that allows for atomic upgrades, rollbacks and concurrent installation of different versions of a package, essentially eliminating [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependency_hell dependency hell]. | Nix is a package manager and build system that parses reproducible build instructions specified in the [[Nix Expression Language]], a pure functional language with lazy evaluation. Nix expressions are pure functions<ref>Values cannot change during computation. Functions always produce the same output if their input does not change. </ref>taking dependencies as arguments and producing a ''[[Derivations|derivation]]'' specifying a reproducible build environment for the package. Nix stores the results of the build in unique addresses specified by a hash of the complete dependency tree, creating an immutable package store (aka the [[#Nix store|nix store]]) that allows for atomic upgrades, rollbacks and concurrent installation of different versions of a package, essentially eliminating [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependency_hell dependency hell]. | ||
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=== Installation === | === Installation === | ||
NixOS | On [[NixOS]], Nix is automatically installed. | ||
On other Linux distributions or on macOS, you can install Nix following the [https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/installation/installation installation section of the Nix manual]. | |||
=== Nix commands === | === Nix commands === | ||
The [[Nix command|Nix commands]] are documented in the [https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/command-ref/command-ref Nix reference manual]: main commands, utilities and experimental commands. Prior to version 2.0 (released in February 2018) there have been different commands. | The [[Nix (command line utilities)|Nix commands]] are documented in the [https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/command-ref/command-ref Nix reference manual]: main commands, utilities and experimental commands. Prior to version 2.0 (released in February 2018) there have been different commands. | ||
=== Configuration === | === Configuration === | ||
On NixOS, Nix | On NixOS, Nix can be configured using the [https://search.nixos.org/options?query=nix. <code>nix</code> option]. | ||
Standalone Nix is configured through <code>nix.conf</code> (usually found in <code>/etc/nix/</code>) | Standalone Nix is configured through <code>nix.conf</code> (usually found in <code>/etc/nix/</code>). Details on the available options are [https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/command-ref/conf-file found in the Nix reference manual]. | ||
You can also configure Nix using [[Home Manager]], which manages declarative environments for a single user. For system-wide configuration, you can use [https://github.com/numtide/system-manager System Manager] on Linux and [https://github.com/LnL7/nix-darwin nix-darwin] on macOS. | |||
== Internals == | == Internals == | ||
=== Nix store === | === Nix store === | ||
{{Split|reason=The nix store is conceptually separate enough that it warrants a separate article.}} | |||
Packages built by Nix are placed in the read-only ''Nix store'', normally found in <code>/nix/store</code>. Each package is given a unique address specified by a cryptographic hash followed by the package name and version, for example <code>/nix/store/nawl092prjblbhvv16kxxbk6j9gkgcqm-git-2.14.1</code>. These prefixes hash all the inputs to the build process, including the source files, the full dependency tree, compiler flags, etc. This allows Nix to simultaneously install different versions of the same package, and even different builds of the same version, for example variants built with different compilers. When adding, removing or updating a package, nothing is removed from the store; instead, symlinks to these packages are added, removed or changed in ''profiles''. | Packages built by Nix are placed in the read-only ''Nix store'', normally found in <code>/nix/store</code>. Each package is given a unique address specified by a cryptographic hash followed by the package name and version, for example <code>/nix/store/nawl092prjblbhvv16kxxbk6j9gkgcqm-git-2.14.1</code>. These prefixes hash all the inputs to the build process, including the source files, the full dependency tree, compiler flags, etc. This allows Nix to simultaneously install different versions of the same package, and even different builds of the same version, for example variants built with different compilers. When adding, removing or updating a package, nothing is removed from the store; instead, symlinks to these packages are added, removed or changed in ''profiles''. | ||
==== Cleaning the Nix store ==== | |||
For information relating to cleaning the Nix store, refer to {{NixOS Manual|name=NixOS Manual: Chapter - Cleaning the Nix Store|anchor=#sec-nix-gc}}. | |||
==== Nix store corruption ==== | |||
For information relating to fixing a corrupted Nix store, refer to {{NixOS Manual|name=NixOS Manual: Chapter - Nix Store Corruption|anchor=#sec-nix-store-corruption}}. | |||
==== Valid Nix store names ==== | |||
{{main|Valid Nix store path names}} | |||
=== Profiles === | === Profiles === | ||