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Also see:
Also see:
* https://wiki.nixos.org/wiki/User:Winny/WikiRisks
* https://wiki.nixos.org/wiki/User:Winny/WikiRisks
* https://greasyfork.org/en/scripts/495011-redirect-to-wiki-nixos-org (trivial userscript to redirect nixos.wiki links here)
* https://greasyfork.org/en/scripts/560152-redirect-to-wiki-nixos-org (trivial userscript to redirect nixos.wiki links here)


=== Why is Nix written in C++ rather than a functional language like Haskell? === <!--T:2-->
=== Why is Nix written in C++ rather than a functional language like Haskell? === <!--T:2-->
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</translate>
</translate>


<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">nixos-rebuild switch</syntaxhighlight>
<syntaxhighlight lang="console">
$ nixos-rebuild switch
</syntaxhighlight>


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</translate>
</translate>


<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
<syntaxhighlight lang="console">
nix-store -qR $(nix-instantiate '<nixpkgs/nixos>' -A system) | xargs nix-store -r
$ nix-store -qR $(nix-instantiate '<nixpkgs/nixos>' -A system) | xargs nix-store -r
warning: you did not specify `--add-root'; the result might be removed by the garbage collector
warning: you did not specify `--add-root'; the result might be removed by the garbage collector


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</translate>
</translate>


<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">nix-store -qR ~/.nix-profile | xargs nix-store -r</syntaxhighlight>
<syntaxhighlight lang="console">
$ nix-store -qR ~/.nix-profile | xargs nix-store -r
</syntaxhighlight>


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</translate>
</translate>


<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
<pre>
q0yi2nr8i60gm2zap46ryysydd2nhzhp-automake-1.11.1/
q0yi2nr8i60gm2zap46ryysydd2nhzhp-automake-1.11.1/
vbi4vwwidvd6kklq2kc0kx3nniwa3acl-automake-1.11.1/
vbi4vwwidvd6kklq2kc0kx3nniwa3acl-automake-1.11.1/
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j714mv53xi2j4ab4g2i08knqr137fd6l-nixos-build-vms/
j714mv53xi2j4ab4g2i08knqr137fd6l-nixos-build-vms/
xvs7y09jf7j48p6l0p87iypgpq470jqw-nixos-build-vms/
xvs7y09jf7j48p6l0p87iypgpq470jqw-nixos-build-vms/
</syntaxhighlight>
</pre>


<translate>
<translate>
=== I've updated my channel and something is broken, how can I rollback to an earlier channel? === <!--T:5-->
=== I've updated my channel and something is broken, how can I rollback to an earlier channel? === <!--T:5-->


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</translate>
</translate>


<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
<syntaxhighlight lang="console">
nix-env --list-generations -p /nix/var/nix/profiles/per-user/root/channels
$ nix-env --list-generations -p /nix/var/nix/profiles/per-user/root/channels
18  2014-04-17 09:16:28
18  2014-04-17 09:16:28
19  2014-06-13 10:31:24  
19  2014-06-13 10:31:24  
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</translate>
</translate>


<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
<syntaxhighlight lang="console">
nix-env --rollback -p /nix/var/nix/profiles/per-user/root/channels
$ nix-env --rollback -p /nix/var/nix/profiles/per-user/root/channels
switching from generation 20 to 19
switching from generation 20 to 19
</syntaxhighlight>
</syntaxhighlight>
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</translate>
</translate>


<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
<syntaxhighlight lang="console">
nix-env --switch-generation 18 -p /nix/var/nix/profiles/per-user/root/channels
$ nix-env --switch-generation 18 -p /nix/var/nix/profiles/per-user/root/channels
switching from generation 20 to 18
switching from generation 20 to 18
</syntaxhighlight>
</syntaxhighlight>
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</translate>
</translate>


<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">nix-build -E 'with import <nixpkgs> { }; callPackage ./mypackage.nix { }'</syntaxhighlight>
<syntaxhighlight lang="console">
$ nix-build -E 'with import <nixpkgs> { }; callPackage ./mypackage.nix { }'
</syntaxhighlight>


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<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">nix-build -E 'with import <nixpkgs> { }; enableDebugging fooPackage'</syntaxhighlight>
<syntaxhighlight lang="console">
$ nix-build -E 'with import <nixpkgs> { }; enableDebugging fooPackage'
</syntaxhighlight>


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</translate>


<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">sudo nix-build --check -A ncdu</syntaxhighlight>
<syntaxhighlight lang="console">
$ sudo nix-build --check -A ncdu
</syntaxhighlight>


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<translate>
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</syntaxhighlight></li>
</syntaxhighlight></li>
<li><p><translate><!--T:137--> Install all specified packages using this command:</translate></p>
<li><p><translate><!--T:137--> Install all specified packages using this command:</translate></p>
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">nix-env -iA userPackages -f '<nixpkgs>'</syntaxhighlight></li></ol>
<syntaxhighlight lang="console">
$ nix-env -iA userPackages -f '<nixpkgs>'</syntaxhighlight></li>
</ol>


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<translate>
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</translate>


<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">nix-build mybinaryprogram.nix</syntaxhighlight>
<syntaxhighlight lang="console">
$ nix-build mybinaryprogram.nix
</syntaxhighlight>


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</translate>


<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">./result/bin/mybinaryprogram</syntaxhighlight>
<syntaxhighlight lang="console">
$ ./result/bin/mybinaryprogram
</syntaxhighlight>


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</translate>
</translate>


<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">nix-shell fhsUser.nix</syntaxhighlight>
<syntaxhighlight lang="console">
$ nix-shell fhsUser.nix
</syntaxhighlight>


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<translate>
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* For nixpkgs: the trunk [http://hydra.nixos.org/job/nixpkgs/trunk/unstable unstable] job, which contains some critical release packages.
* For nixpkgs: the trunk [http://hydra.nixos.org/job/nixpkgs/trunk/unstable unstable] job, which contains some critical release packages.
</translate>
</translate>


<ol start="2" style="list-style-type: decimal;">
<ol start="2" style="list-style-type: decimal;">
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</translate>


<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">nix-instantiate --find-file nixpkgs</syntaxhighlight>
<syntaxhighlight lang="console">
$ nix-instantiate --find-file nixpkgs
</syntaxhighlight>


<translate>
<translate>
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<!--T:83-->
<!--T:83-->
So in short, the <code>relase-XX.YY</code> branches have not been run through Hydra yet, whereas the <code>nixos-XX.YY</code> ones have.
So in short, the <code>release-XX.YY</code> branches have not been run through Hydra yet, whereas the <code>nixos-XX.YY</code> ones have.


=== There's an updated version for $software on nixpkgs but not in channels, how can I use it? === <!--T:13-->
=== There's an updated version for $software on nixpkgs but not in channels, how can I use it? === <!--T:13-->
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<syntaxhighlight lang="command">
<syntaxhighlight lang="console">
NIX_PATH=nixpkgs=https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/archive/release-17.09.tar.gz nix-shell -p $software
$ NIX_PATH='nixpkgs=https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/archive/release-17.09.tar.gz' nix-shell -p $software
</syntaxhighlight>
 
<translate>
=== There's an updated version for $software on the unstable branch, but I use stable, how can I use it? === <!--T:143-->
 
<!--T:144-->
Before going ahead with this, note that firstly, this likely means that the package you intend to update has had a major version change. If you have used it previously, there is a chance that your existing data either will not work with the new version or will need to be migrated; If in doubt, consult the upstream documentation of the package.
 
<!--T:145-->
Secondly, while you're less likely to run into issues on NixOS than on, for example, Debian when installing packages from different releases, it's not impossible.
 
<!--T:146-->
Nix ensures that libraries and (usually) runtime dependencies of packages are kept separate, so that you can trivially have many versions of those dependencies installed, without affecting the versions of said dependencies used by important system components. This ensures that you cannot accidentally break your package manager by, say, updating Python, as is quite common on other distros.
 
<!--T:147-->
Nix cannot however ensure that there will be no incompatibilities with services of which there can inherently be only one running instance. As an example, if you try to use a package from unstable on a stable system that requires a feature in systemd that is not yet present in the systemd version on stable, this package will not work; it's simply not possible to run two different versions of systemd simultaneously.
 
<!--T:148-->
Nonetheless, it's quite uncommon that end-user facing applications rely on such singleton services, or at the very least they will typically have internal backwards compatibility. As such, mixing channels is usually unproblematic in practice, and even if not, NixOS' rollback features make it trivial to recover from problems should they occur.
 
==== Using channels ==== <!--T:149-->
 
<!--T:150-->
First we need to add the unstable channel to our system channels:
 
<!--T:151-->
{{Warning|<code>nixos-rebuild --upgrade</code> will by default only update the channel named <code>nixos</code>, which this new channel is not. Use <code>nixos-rebuild --upgrade-all</code> instead.}}
</translate>
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="console">
$ sudo nix-channel --add https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-unstable nixos-unstable
$ sudo nix-channel --update
</syntaxhighlight>
 
<translate>
<!--T:152-->
Then we can import this channel using the angle-bracket notation to refer to it:
</translate>
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="nixos"># configuration.nix
{
  config,
  pkgsUnstable,
  ...
}: {
  # We add a new `pkgsUnstable` to the module arguments; this allows
  # us to easily use `pkgsUnstable` in other modules as well, without
  # having to evaluate it again.
  _module.args.pkgsUnstable = import <nixos-unstable> { inherit (config.nixpkgs) config; };
 
  environment.systemPackages = [
    # Once we have created our `pkgsUnstable`, we can easily use
    # packages from it wherever NixOS modules expect derivations
    pkgsUnstable.hello
  ];
}</syntaxhighlight>
 
<translate>
==== Using flakes ==== <!--T:153-->
 
<!--T:154-->
We simply add the unstable branch to our flake inputs, and pass them into the NixOS module system using <code>specialArgs</code>:
</translate>
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="nix">
# flake.nix
{
  inputs = {
    nixpkgs.url = "https://channels.nixos.org/nixos-25.05/nixexprs.tar.xz";
    nixpkgs-unstable.url = "https://channels.nixos.org/nixos-unstable/nixexprs.tar.xz";
  };
 
  outputs = { nixpkgs, ... } @ inputs: {
    # Note that the hostname "nixos" and the system tuple used here are
    # examples.
    nixosConfigurations."nixos" = nixpkgs.lib.nixosSystem {
      system = "x86_64-linux";
 
      modules = [
        ./configuration.nix
      ];
 
      # Any attributes of `specialArgs` will be added to our NixOS module
      # arguments.
      #
      # We've bound `nixpkgs-unstable` to the `inputs` variable using the `@`
      # syntax; if we add any other flake inputs in the future those will also
      # be added to our module arguments.
      specialArgs.flake-inputs = inputs;
    };
  };
}
</syntaxhighlight>
 
<translate>
<!--T:155-->
Using this in <code>configuration.nix</code> then looks as follows:
</translate>
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="nixos">
# configuration.nix
{
  pkgs,
  flake-inputs,
  ...
}: {
  environment.systemPackages = [
    flake-inputs.nixpkgs-unstable.legacyPackages.${pkgs.system}.hello
  ];
}
</syntaxhighlight>
</syntaxhighlight>


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<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">sudo unshare -m bash</syntaxhighlight>
<syntaxhighlight lang="console">
$ sudo unshare -m bash
</syntaxhighlight>


<translate>
<translate>
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</translate>
</translate>


<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">mount -o remount,rw /nix/store</syntaxhighlight>
<syntaxhighlight lang="console">
$ mount -o remount,rw /nix/store
</syntaxhighlight>


<translate>
<translate>
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</translate>
</translate>


<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">nano <PATH_TO_PACKAGE>/default.nix</syntaxhighlight>
<syntaxhighlight lang="console">
$ nano <PATH_TO_PACKAGE>/default.nix
</syntaxhighlight>


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<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">exit</syntaxhighlight>
<syntaxhighlight lang="console">
$ exit
</syntaxhighlight>


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</translate>
</translate>


<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">nix-prefetch-git https://git.zx2c4.com/password-store</syntaxhighlight>
<syntaxhighlight lang="console">
$ nix-prefetch-git https://git.zx2c4.com/password-store
</syntaxhighlight>


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</translate>
</translate>


<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">nixos-rebuild switch --option binary-caches ''</syntaxhighlight>
<syntaxhighlight lang="console">
$ nixos-rebuild switch --option binary-caches ''
</syntaxhighlight>


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<translate>
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</translate>
</translate>


<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">nix-shell -I nixpkgs=channel:nixpkgs-unstable -p somepackage</syntaxhighlight>
<syntaxhighlight lang="console">
$ nix-shell -I nixpkgs=channel:nixpkgs-unstable -p somepackage
</syntaxhighlight>


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<translate>
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</translate>
</translate>


<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">sudo nix-channel --add https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-unstable nixos-unstable</syntaxhighlight>
<syntaxhighlight lang="console">
$ sudo nix-channel --add https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-unstable nixos-unstable
</syntaxhighlight>


<translate>
<translate>
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</translate>
</translate>


<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">sudo nix-channel --update nixos-unstable</syntaxhighlight>
<syntaxhighlight lang="console">
$ sudo nix-channel --update nixos-unstable
</syntaxhighlight>


<translate>
<translate>
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</translate>
</translate>


<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">su nano /etc/nixos/configuration.nix</syntaxhighlight>
<syntaxhighlight lang="console">
$ su nano /etc/nixos/configuration.nix
</syntaxhighlight>


<translate>
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</translate>
</translate>


<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">boot.extraModulePackages = [ config.boot.kernelPackages.exfat-nofuse ];</syntaxhighlight>
<syntaxhighlight lang="nix">
boot.extraModulePackages = [ config.boot.kernelPackages.exfat-nofuse ];
</syntaxhighlight>


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</translate>
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<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">nixos-rebuild switch</syntaxhighlight>
<syntaxhighlight lang="console">
$ nixos-rebuild switch
</syntaxhighlight>


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<translate>
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<translate>
<translate>
== References == <!--T:134-->
== References == <!--T:134-->


Retrieved from "https://wiki.nixos.org/wiki/FAQ"