@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+<languages/>
+<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
 这份指南是对[https://nixos.org/nixos/manual/index.html#ch-installation 官方手册]的一份参考指南. 它讲述了把[[NixOS]]作为完整操作系统的安装过程. 为了在一个已存在的操作系统内安装[[Nix]], 请见[[Nix Installation Guide|Nix安装指南]].
+</div>
+<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
 除了讲述官方手册上的步骤, 它还提供了用于常见使用场景的已知良好指导. 当官方手册和这份指南之间出现矛盾时, 以官方手册中描述的情况为准.
+</div>
-把这份指南当作逐步操作指南使用. 出现不同选择时, 只使用选定的部分, 并在这部分的结尾按照它的指示前进.
 <span id="Installation_target"></span>
@@ Line 75: / Line 78: @@
 {{expansion|Troubleshooting steps, and details are lacking.}}
+<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
 因为安装媒介是混合型的, 它通过legacy bios模式和UEFI模式都可以启动.
+</div>
 无论使用哪种方式启动安装媒介, 你可能需要修改主板或者电脑的配置, 以允许从光盘驱动器(对于CD/DVD)或者从一个外部的USB驱动器启动.
@@ Line 107: / Line 112: @@
 === 无线网络 ===
+<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
 Network Manager安装在图形界面ISO文件中, 这意味着可以在命令行中使用<code>nmtui</code>来连接到网络.
+</div>
 使用左上方的"Applications(应用)"标签页或者在底部的启动栏, 打开一个终端应用, 在那里启动 <code>nmtui</code>. 这可以让你'activate(激活)'一个(无线)连接 - 你应该可以在列表里看到你那里的SSID(无线网络名称), 除此之外你还可以添加一个新的连接. 当无线连接处于活动状态, 并且你已经测试过了时, 一开始就启动的安装程序很可能还没有检测到新的连接. 关掉安装程序, 再重新从屏幕底部的启动栏打开它.  这时它应该会检测到新的网络连接而继续.
+<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
 在最小化安装的ISO文件上(或者你更熟悉 <code>wpa_supplicant</code> ), 你也可以运行 <code>wpa_passphrase ESSID | sudo tee /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf</code>, 然后输入你的密码, 再运行<code>systemctl restart wpa_supplicant</code>.
+</div>
 <span id="Partitioning"></span>
 == Partitioning(分区操作) ==
+<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
 为了给连续存储进行分区, 运行 <code>sudo fdisk /dev/diskX</code> , 然后跟着针对DOS或(U)EFI的指示来做.
 这里有一个非常简单的示例设置.
+</div>
+<syntaxhighlight lang="console">
+$ [ -d /sys/firmware/efi/efivars ] && echo "UEFI" || echo "Legacy"
+</syntaxhighlight>
+<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+A very simple example setup is given here.
+</div>
+<span id="Legacy_Boot_(MBR)"></span>
+<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
 === DOS ===
+</div>
 * o (dos硬盘标签)
@@ Line 150: / Line 172: @@
 * w (写入)
-<span id="Label_partitions"></span>
+<span id="Format_partitions"></span>
+<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
 == Label partitions(给分区贴标签) ==
+</div>
+<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+The example below uses the [[ext4]] filesystem format. If you wish to use other filesystem formats such as [[Btrfs]] or [[ZFS]]:
+</div>
+<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+* [[Bcachefs#NixOS installation on bcachefs]]
+* [[Btrfs#Installation of NixOS on btrfs]]
+* [[LVM#Basic Setup]]
+* [[ZFS#Simple NixOS ZFS on root installation]]
+</div>
+<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
 这对于有多个分区设置的情况很有用, 使分区更容易处理<syntaxhighlight lang="console">
 $ lsblk
@@ Line 162: / Line 198: @@
 $ sudo mount /dev/disk/by-label/NIXBOOT /mnt/boot
 </syntaxhighlight>
+</div>
-== Swap文件 ==
 <syntaxhighlight lang="console">
-$ sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/.swapfile bs=1024 count=2097152 (2GB size)
+$ lsblk # lists current system block devices
-$ sudo chmod 600 /mnt/.swapfile
+# mkfs.fat -F 32 -n boot /dev/sdX1
-$ sudo mkswap /mnt/.swapfile
+# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdX2 -L nixos
-$ sudo swapon /mnt/.swapfile
+# mount /dev/disk/by-label/nixos /mnt
+# mkdir -p /mnt/boot
+# mount /dev/disk/by-label/boot /mnt/boot
 </syntaxhighlight>
+<span id="NixOS_configuration"></span>
+<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
 == NixOS配置 ==
 <syntaxhighlight lang="console">
@@ Line 177: / Line 217: @@
 $ sudo vim configuration.nix
 </syntaxhighlight>最重要的修改:
+</div>
+<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+NixOS is configured through a [[Overview of the NixOS Linux distribution#Declarative Configuration|declarative configuration]] file. To generate a default config file, run [[nixos-generate-config]]:
+</div>
+<syntaxhighlight lang="console">
+# nixos-generate-config --root /mnt
+# nano /mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix
+</syntaxhighlight>
+<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+For information on working with a system configuration, see [[NixOS system configuration]]. For desktop-specific configurations, see [[NixOS as a desktop]].
+</div>
+<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+Most essential changes:
+</div>
+<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
 * keyboard layout(键盘布局), 也就是<code>[[Keyboard Layout Customization|services.xserver.xkb.layout]]</code>
 * <code>users.users.user</code> 和附加条目 <code>initialPassword = "pw123";</code>
@@ Line 184: / Line 243: @@
 * 安装编辑器来编辑配置文件
 * 修改硬件配置以使用标签
+</div>
 具有自我说明性的NixOS选项可以在[https://search.nixos.org/options NixOS选项搜索]上搜索到.
+<span id="Swap_file"></span>
+<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
+== Swap文件 ==
+<syntaxhighlight lang="console">
+$ sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/.swapfile bs=1024 count=2097152 (2GB size)
+$ sudo chmod 600 /mnt/.swapfile
+$ sudo mkswap /mnt/.swapfile
+$ sudo swapon /mnt/.swapfile
+</syntaxhighlight>
+</div>
+<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+For additional methods of configuring swap, see [[Swap]]. The following example demonstrates how to create and enable a [[Swap#Swap file|swap file]]:
+</div>
+{{file|/mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix|nix|
+<nowiki>
+  swapDevices = [{
+    device = "/var/lib/swapfile";
+    size = 16*1024; # 16 GB
+  }];
+</nowiki>
+}}
+<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+=== Bootloader ===
+</div>
+<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+NixOS supports multiple [[Bootloader|bootloaders]] such as [[GNU GRUB]] and [[Systemd/boot]].
+</div>
+<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+Systemd-boot is the recommended bootloader. The following example demonstrates how to enable systemd-boot in your configuration:
+</div>
+{{file|/mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix|nix|
+<nowiki>
+  boot.loader.systemd-boot.enable = true;
+</nowiki>
+}}
+<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+You may also wish to configure [[Secure Boot]].
+</div>
+<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+=== Users ===
+</div>
+<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+For information on creating and managing users, see [[User management]] and the {{NixOS Manual|name=NixOS Manual: Chapter - Package Management|anchor=#sec-user-management}}. See an example below:
+</div>
+{{file|/mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix|nix|
+<nowiki>
+  users.users.alice = {
+    isNormalUser = true;
+    initialPassword = "pw123";
+  };
+</nowiki>
+}}
+<span id="NixOS_installation"></span>
+<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
 == NixOS安装 ==
 <syntaxhighlight lang="console">
@@ Line 192: / Line 317: @@
 $ sudo nixos-install
 </syntaxhighlight>安装完成后: 运行 <code>passwd</code> 来修改用户的密码.
+</div>
+<syntaxhighlight lang="console">
+# cd /mnt
+# nixos-install
+</syntaxhighlight>
+<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+after installation: Run <code>passwd</code> to change user password.
+</div>
+<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
 如果网络出现问题, 请尝试下面的一种方法:<syntaxhighlight lang="console">
 $ nixos-rebuild switch --option substitute false # 无下载
@@ Line 198: / Line 334: @@
 </syntaxhighlight>
 * 设置wpa_supplicant标志来连接到wifi.
+</div>
+<syntaxhighlight lang="console">
+# nixos-rebuild switch --option substitute false # no downloads
+# nixos-rebuild switch --option binary-caches "" # no downloads
+</syntaxhighlight>
+<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
+<hr />
+</div>
 <hr />
@@ Line 210: / Line 356: @@
 <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
-[[Category:Guide]][[Category:Deployment]]
+[[Category:Guide]]
+[[Category:Deployment]]
+[[Category:NixOS]]
 </div>

NixOS Installation Guide/zh: Difference between revisions